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Rawat language - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rawat
Native to	India
Region	Uttarakhand
Ethnicity	Banrawats
Native speakers	(670 cited 1998)^[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Raji–Raute Raute–Rawat Rawat
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`jnl`
Glottolog	`rawa1264`

Rawat (Raute), or "Jangali" (Jungle), is a small Sino-Tibetan language of India. It is spoken in 9 villages north of Askot in Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand, India (Ethnologue) as well as in several villages in Dadeldhura District, Nepal and Darchula District, Nepal.

Rawat (pronounced "raut") is a semi-agglutinative language, and features SOV sentences with either monosyllabic or less frequently di-syllabic noun heads and verb stems. Verbs are modified with various particles, including nominalizers, causatives, tense, aspect, person, number and other generally stem final particles. The noun heads have plurals, locatives, deictics, ergatives, reflexives and other generally word-final case markings. Prefixed morphemes similar to adjectives also modify nouns and root-initial voiced/voiceless alternations signal the transitivity of verbs. An example is geda hluw hwã-ha-re (geda=child hluw=bathe hwã=Copula ha=progressive re=present tense) "The child is bathing" (Fortier 2019:139).

Ethnologue (2013) reports that Rawat has borrowed recent loanwords from local Indo-Aryan languages for terms for modern semantic domains (modern house types for example). The exonyms "Rawat", "Raute", and "Raji" all may derive from Indic words referring to "Kings (of the forest)". The people's endonym, name for themselves, is Bat-Tou (in Pithoragarh, India) and Bot-Tho (in Champawat, India) and Bot-Tou (in Dadeldhura, Nepal).

The language Rawat is called Bat-Kha among communities in the Pithoragarh region and Bot-Kha in the Champawat region of Uttarakhand. It is classified by linguists as Rawat (ISO 639-3 jnl; Glottocode Rawa1264).^[2]^[3] It is in the same language sub-group with the languages named Raji spoken in Nepal (ISO 639-3 rji; Glottocode Raji1240) and Raute (ISO 639-3 rau; Glottocode Raut1239) which is also spoken in Nepal. The three languages are currently classified in their own Sino-Tibetan language sub-group called Raji-Raute. This language sub-group shows some affinity to areal Mahakiranti group Himalayish languages such as Kham Magar and Magar Dhut.

References

^ Rawat at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ "Rawat". Glottolog. 7 March 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
^ "Jana Fortier. 2019. A Comparative Dictionary of Raute and Rawat: Tibeto-Burman Languages of the Central Himalayas. (Harvard Oriental Series, 88.) Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. xxiv+215pp". Harvard University Press. 7 March 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.

Sino-Tibetan branches

Western Himalayas (Himachal,
Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)

West Himalayish
Tamangic
Newaric
- Newar
- Baram–Thangmi
Kiranti
Dhimalish
- Dhimal
- Toto
- Lhokpu
Lepcha

Greater Magaric	Magaric Magar Kham Chepangic Chepang Bhujel Raji–Raute Dura–Tandrange

Eastern Himalayas
(Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)

Bodish
- Tibetic
- East Bodish
- Tshangla
- Basum
- Nam?
Gongduk
ʼOle
Tani
Chamdo

Myanmar and Indo-
Burmese border

Karbi
Kuki-Chin
Mruic
- Mru
- Hkongso
Pyu
Taman

"Naga"	Ao Angami–Pochuri Meitei Tangkhulic Zeme
Sal	Boro–Garo Konyak Jingpho–Luish

East and Southeast Asia

Sinitic
Bai
Tujia
Nungish
Karenic
Gong
Kathu
Cai–Long
- Caijia
- Longjia
- Luren

Burmo-Qiangic	Qiangic Gyalrongic Ersuic Naic Lolo-Burmese Mondzish Burmish Loloish

Dubious (possible
isolates) (Arunachal)

Greater Siangic	Siangic Koro Milang Idu–Taraon

Proposed groupings

Proto-languages

Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

State of Uttarakhand

State capitals: legislative: Dehradun (winter); Bhararisain (summer); judicial: Nainital

Government

Symbols	Day Emblem Song Motto
Executive	Governor Chief Minister Council of Ministers Cabinets Chief Secretary Gazette Agencies Departments Disaster Response Force Fire and Emergency Services Provincial Armed Constabulary Forest Department Police Department Public Service Commission Provincial Civil Service Provincial Police Service Provincial Forest Service
Legislature	Legislative Assembly History Speaker Leader of the Opposition
Judiciary	High Court Chief Justice Judges Bar Council Lok Adalat Lokayukta

History

Ancient
kingdoms

Medieval
kingdoms

Colonial
Uttarakhand

Company rule	Ceded and Conquered Provinces North-Western Provinces Agra Presidency
Crown rule	United Provinces of Agra and Oudh United Provinces of Agra and Oudh United Provinces

Contemporary
Uttarakhand

Geography
and
ecology

Geological
features

Mountains	Great Himalayas Garhwal Himalayas Sivalik Hills Mountain peaks Bugyals Lakes
Plains	Bhabar Terai Doab Ganges Basin

Ecoregions

Highlands	Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests Himalayan subtropical pine forests
Lowlands	Western Himalayan broadleaf forests Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests

Demographics

Ethnic
groups

Indo-Aryans	Garhwalis Kumaonis Jaunsaris Buksas Tharus
Tibeto-Burmans	Bhotiyas Shaukas Rajis Jads Banrawats
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes	Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes

Languages

Official

Spoken

Indo-Aryan	Garhwali Kumaoni Jaunsari Bangani Buksa Tharu
Tibeto-Burman	Rongpo Byangsi Chaudangsi Darmiya Raji Rawat Jad

Administrative
divisions

Urban	Districts Tehsils Urban Local Bodies Municipal Corporations
Rural	Parganas Community Development Blocks

Politics

Tourism

Monuments	World Heritage Site Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks Ramsar Wetland Asan Barrage Monuments of National Importance State Protected Monuments Temples Tourist attractions in Dehradun
Chardham circuit	Gangotri Yamunotri Yamunotri Temple Badrinath Badrinath Temple Kedarnath Kedarnath Temple Sapta Badri Panch Kedar Panch Prayag Gomukh
National parks	Gangotri Govind Pashu Vihar Jim Corbett Nanda Devi Rajaji Valley of Flowers

Sports

v t e Greater Magaric languages
Magaric	Magar Kham
Chepangic	Chepang Bhujel
Raji-Raute	Raji Raute Rawat
Dura	Dura Tandrange