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Crisis in Venezuela

Causes Bolivarian Revolution Chavismo Economic policy under Hugo Chávez Economic policy under Nicolás Maduro
Effects Refugee crisis Energy crisis 2019 blackouts 2024 blackouts Zulia energy collapse Defections International sanctions U.S. sanctions Interventions of political parties Piracy Shortages Venezuela–Colombia migrant crisis Hyperinflation Catatumbo campaign Xenophobic incidents Pemon conflict Siege of the Argentine Embassy in Venezuela
Events Dakazo La Salida Arrest of Antonio Ledezma 2016 recall movement 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis Lima Group 2018 re-election campaign of Nicolás Maduro Venezuelan presidential crisis 2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela Venezuela Aid Live COVID-19 pandemic 2022 recall movement 2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries 2024 Venezuelan political crisis
Elections 2013 presidential election 2015 parliamentary election 2017 referendum 2017 Constituent Assembly election 2018 presidential election 2020 parliamentary election 2023 referendum 2024 presidential election
Protests 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2024
Timeline 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Armed violence Caracas helicopter incident 2017 National Assembly attack Attack on Fort Paramacay El Junquito raid Caracas drone attack 2019 uprising attempt 2020 Barquisimeto shooting Operation Gideon (2020) 2021 Apure clashes 2022 Arauca clashes
Venezuela portal
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On 27 January 2015, the Minister of Defense of Venezuela, Vladimir Padrino López, signed Resolution 8610 which stated that the "use of potentially lethal force, along with the firearm or another potentially lethal weapon" could be used as a last resort by the Venezuelan armed forces "to prevent disorders, support the legitimately constituted authority and reject any aggression, facing it immediately and the necessary means".^[1] The resolution conflicted with Article 68 of the Venezuelan Constitution that states, "the use of firearms and toxic substances to control peaceful demonstrations is prohibited. The law shall regulate the actions of the police and security in the control of public order".^[1]

The resolution caused outrage among some Venezuelans which resulted in protests against Resolution 8610, especially after the death of 14-year-old Kluiberth Roa Nunez, which had protests days after his death numbering in the thousands.^[2]^[3]^[4] Students, academics and human rights groups condemned the resolution.^[5] International entities had expressed concern with Resolution 8610 as well, including the Government of Canada which stated that it was "concerned by the decision of the Government of Venezuela to authorize the use of deadly force against demonstrators" while the European Parliament demanded the repeal of the resolution entirely.^[6]^[7]

Days after the introduction of the resolution, Padrino López stated that critics "decontextualized" the decree calling it "the most beautiful document of profound respect for human rights to life and even the protesters".^[8] On 7 March 2015, Padrino López later announced that the Venezuelan government was expanding on Resolution 8610 to give more detailed explanations and that the decree "should be regulated and reviewed".^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b Lopez, Edgar (29 January 2015). "Autorizan uso de armas mortales contra protestas". El Nacional. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ Dreier, Hannah (27 February 2015). "Venezuelan Protest Deadly Force Order After Young Boy Killed". ABC News. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
^ Obregon, Walter (25 February 2015). "Estudiantes de Barinas protestaron en contra del asesinato de liceísta". El Universal. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
^ Lares Martiz, Valentina (25 February 2015). "Se eleva la tensión en Venezuela por asesinato de joven de 14 años". El Tiempo. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
^ "Venezuelan Protest Deadly Force Order After Young Boy Killed". The New York Times. 27 February 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
^ "Canadá está preocupada por resolución 8610 en Venezuela". Globovison. 26 February 2015. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
^ Merchán, Johan (12 March 2015). "Parlamento Europeo pide liberación inmediata de López, Ledezma, Ceballos y manifestantes pacíficos detenidos por régimen de Maduro". En Oriente. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
^ "Padrino López dice que el texto de la Resolución 008610 es hermosísimo y respetuoso". La Patilla. 31 January 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
^ Pomenta Llaña, Sonia (7 March 2015). "Redactan manual para normar la resolución 8610". Union Radio. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.

Crisis in Venezuela

Events

Ongoing	Economic crisis Bolivarian missions Bolivarian Revolution Bolivarianism Censorship Chavismo Crimes against humanity Corruption Defections Devaluation of the Venezuelan bolívar Economic policies under Nicolás Maduro Energy crisis (Zulia energy collapse) Human rights abuses Hyperinflation Illegal drug trade Internationa sanctions U.S. sanctions Interventions of political parties Negotiations Refugee crisis and diaspora Resource shortages State protectors State-sponsored terrorism States of emergency in Venezuela Catatumbo campaign Pemon conflict Coronavirus pandemic
2010	Colombian diplomatic crisis Death of Franklin Brito PDVAL affair Parliamentary election III National Assembly of Venezuela
2012	Amuay tragedy Presidential election Regional elections
2013	Death of Hugo Chávez Presidential election Dakazo Municipal elections
2014	La Salida 2014 protests timeline Detention of Leopoldo López Panama diplomatic crisis (1st) Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act
2015	Detention of Antonio Ledezma Colombian diplomatic/migration crisis Resolution 8610 2015 protests (timeline) Narcosobrinos affair Parliamentary election IV National Assembly of Venezuela
2016	Tumeremo massacre (1st) Recall referendum movement 2016 protests (timeline)
2017	Detention of Gilber Caro Constitutional crisis Mother of All Marches Caracas helicopter incident Referendum National Assembly attack Constituent Assembly election Members Regional elections Municipal elections Attack on Fort Paramacay Death of Carlos Andrés García Law against Hatred 2017 protests timeline
2018	El Junquito raid Presidential campaign of Nicolás Maduro Valencia fire Panama diplomatic crisis (2nd) Presidential election El Paraíso stampede Caracas drone attack Detention of Juan Requesens Economic reforms and Viernes Rojo Murder of Fernando Albán Tumeremo massacre (2nd) 2018 protests (timeline)
2019	Inauguration of Nicolás Maduro Venezuela TPS Act of 2019 Plan País Humanitarian aid mission Amnesty Law Venezuela Aid Live Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy Murder of Alí Domínguez Widespread blackouts Detention of Roberto Marrero Disappearance of Gilber Caro 30 April uprising attempt Acarigua prison riot Death of Rafael Acosta Arévalo Attack of Rufo Chacón Death of Juan Carlos Márquez Murder of Edmundo Rada Operación Alacrán 2019 protests timeline
2020	National Assembly leadership election Death of Addy Valero Cagua fire Barquisimeto shooting COVID-19 pandemic Guanare prison riot Operation Gideon El Palito oil spill Detention of Alex Saab Parliamentary election V National Assembly of Venezuela
2021	La Vega raid Apure clashes
2022	Arauca clashes Recall referendum project
2023	Anti-Solidarity Law Barbados Agreement Unitary Platform presidential primaries Referendum Guyana–Venezuela crisis El Palito oil spill
2024	Detention of Rocío San Miguel Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions Bulla Loca mine disaster Presidential election international reactions protests political crisis Widespread blackouts Argentine embassy siege

Deaths during protests

2014	Bassil Da Costa Robert Redman Génesis Carmona Geraldin Moreno
2015	Kluivert Roa
2017	Paola Ramírez Juan Pablo Pernalete Armando Cañizales Miguel Castillo Paúl Moreno Orlando Figuera Neomar Lander Fabián Urbina David Vallenilla Xiomara Scott

People

Pro-Maduro

Anti-Maduro

Organizations

Pro-Maduro

Union of South American Nations
Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas
Political parties
Media outlets
State organizations
Bolivarian Intelligence Service
Bolivarian National Guard
Mission Barrio Adentro
Local Committees for Supply and Production
Carnet de la Patria
Colectivos

Anti-Maduro

In popular culture

Simón (2023)
Bolivarian Revolution in film

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