Reticuline oxidase

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reticuline oxidase

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In enzymology, a reticuline oxidase (EC 1.21.3.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

(S)-reticuline + O₂

\rightleftharpoons

(S)-scoulerine + H₂O₂

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-reticuline and O₂, whereas its two products are (S)-scoulerine and H₂O₂.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond with oxygen as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-reticuline:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylene-bridge-forming). Other names in common use include BBE, berberine bridge enzyme, berberine-bridge-forming enzyme, and tetrahydroprotoberberine synthase. This enzyme participates in alkaloid biosynthesis i.

References

Steffens P, Nagakura N, Zenk MH (1984). "The berberine bridge forming enzyme in tetrahydroprotoberberine biosynthesis". Tetrahedron Lett. 25 (9): 951–952. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80070-8.
Dittrich H, Kutchan TM (1991). "Molecular cloning, expression, and induction of berberine bridge enzyme, an enzyme essential to the formation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids in the response of plants to pathogenic attack". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (22): 9969–73. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.22.9969. PMC 52848. PMID 1946465.
Kutchan TM, Dittrich H (1995). "Characterization and mechanism of the berberine bridge enzyme, a covalently flavinylated oxidase of benzophenanthridine alkaloid biosynthesis in plants". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (41): 24475–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.41.24475. PMID 7592663.

v t e Other oxidoreductases (EC 1.15–1.21)
1.15: Acting on superoxide as acceptor	Superoxide dismutase SOD1 SOD2 SOD3
1.16: Oxidizing metal ions	Ceruloplasmin (Methionine synthase) reductase
1.17: Acting on CH or CH2 groups	Xanthine oxidase Ribonucleotide reductase 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase 7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase
1.18: Acting on iron–sulfur proteins as donors	Nitrogenase
1.19: Acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor	Nitrogenase (flavodoxin)
1.20: Acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors	Glutaredoxin GLRX GLRX2 GLRX3 GLRX5
1.21: Acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond	Isopenicillin N synthase Columbamine oxidase Reticuline oxidase Sulochrin oxidase (+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming (-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming Aureusidin synthase Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase Cannabidiolic acid synthase Dichlorochromopyrrolate synthase

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

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