Ensiklopedia Dunia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rickettsiosis
Specialty	Infectious disease

A rickettsiosis is a disease caused by intracellular bacteria.

Cause

Rickettsioses can be divided into a spotted fever group (SPG) and typhus group (TG).^[1]

In the past, rickettsioses were considered to be caused by species of Rickettsia.^[2] However, scrub typhus is still considered a rickettsiosis, even though the causative organism has been reclassified from Rickettsia tsutsugamushi to Orientia tsutsugamushi.^{[citation needed]} Examples of rickettsioses include typhus, both endemic and epidemic, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Rickettsialpox.^{[citation needed]} Organisms involved include Rickettsia parkeri.^[3]

Many new causative organisms have been identified in the last few decades.^[4] Most are in the genus Rickettsia, but scrub typhus is in the genus Orientia.^[5]

Diagnosis

No rapid laboratory tests are available to diagnose rickettsial diseases early in the course of illness, and serologic assays usually take 10–12 days to become positive. Research is indicating that swabs of eschars may be used for molecular detection of rickettsial infections.^[6]^[7]

Treatment

Doxycycline has been used in the treatment of rickettsial infection.^[8]

References

^ Choi YJ, Jang WJ, Ryu JS, et al. (February 2005). "Spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsioses in humans, South Korea". Emerging Infect. Dis. 11 (2): 237–44. doi:10.3201/eid1102.040603. PMC 3320442. PMID 15752441.
^ Raoult D, Roux V (October 1997). "Rickettsioses as paradigms of new or emerging infectious diseases". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 10 (4): 694–719. doi:10.1128/CMR.10.4.694. PMC 172941. PMID 9336669.
^ Paddock CD, Finley RW, Wright CS, et al. (November 2008). "Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis and its clinical distinction from Rocky Mountain spotted fever". Clin. Infect. Dis. 47 (9): 1188–96. doi:10.1086/592254. PMID 18808353.
^ Parola P, Paddock CD, Raoult D (October 2005). "Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18 (4): 719–56. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.4.719-756.2005. PMC 1265907. PMID 16223955.
^ Unsworth NB, Stenos J, Faa AG, Graves SR (July 2007). "Three Rickettsioses, Darnley Island, Australia". Emerging Infect. Dis. 13 (7): 1105–7. doi:10.3201/eid1307.050088. PMC 2878210. PMID 18214193.
^ Angelakis, Emmanouil; Richet, Hervé; Rolain, Jean-Marc; La Scola, Bernard; Raoult, Didier (2012). "Comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and culture for the diagnosis of emerging Rickettsioses". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 6 (3): e1540. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001540. ISSN 1935-2735. PMC 3295807. PMID 22413026.
^ Giulieri, Stefano; Jaton, Katia; Cometta, Alain; Trellu, Laurence T.; Greub, Gilbert (February 2012). "Development of a duplex real-time PCR for the detection of Rickettsia spp. and typhus group rickettsia in clinical samples". FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology. 64 (1): 92–97. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2011.00910.x. ISSN 1574-695X. PMID 22098502.
^ "Rickettsial Infection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology". reference.medscape.com.

External links

Media related to Rickettsioses at Wikimedia Commons

Pseudomonadota-associated Gram-negative bacterial infections

Rickettsiales

Rickettsiaceae/
(Rickettsioses)

Typhus

Spotted
fever

Tick-borne	Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia conorii Boutonneuse fever Rickettsia japonica Japanese spotted fever Rickettsia sibirica North Asian tick typhus Rickettsia australis Queensland tick typhus Rickettsia honei Flinders Island spotted fever Rickettsia africae African tick bite fever Rickettsia parkeri American tick bite fever Rickettsia aeschlimannii Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection
Mite-borne	Rickettsia akari Rickettsialpox Orientia tsutsugamushi Scrub typhus
Flea-borne	Rickettsia felis Flea-borne spotted fever

Anaplasmataceae

Hyphomicrobiales

Brucellaceae	Brucella abortus Brucellosis
Bartonellaceae	Bartonellosis: Bartonella henselae Cat-scratch disease Bartonella quintana Trench fever Either B. henselae or B. quintana Bacillary angiomatosis Bartonella bacilliformis Carrion's disease, Verruga peruana

Neisseriales

M+	Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus Meningococcal disease, Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome, Meningococcal septicaemia
M−	Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus Gonorrhea
ungrouped:	Eikenella corrodens/Kingella kingae HACEK Chromobacterium violaceum Chromobacteriosis infection

Burkholderiales

Enterobacteriales
(OX−)

Lac+

Enterobacter aerogenes/Enterobacter cloacae

Slow/weak

Lac−

H2S+	Salmonella enterica Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever, Salmonellosis
H2S−	Shigella dysenteriae/sonnei/flexneri/boydii Shigellosis, Bacillary dysentery Proteus mirabilis/Proteus vulgaris Yersinia pestis Plague/Bubonic plague Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Far East scarlet-like fever

Pasteurellales

Haemophilus:	H. influenzae Haemophilus meningitis Brazilian purpuric fever H. ducreyi Chancroid H. parainfluenzae HACEK
Pasteurella multocida	Pasteurellosis Actinobacillus Actinobacillosis
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans	HACEK

Legionellales

Thiotrichales

Francisella tularensis
- Tularemia

Vibrionaceae

Pseudomonadales

Xanthomonadaceae

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Cardiobacteriaceae

Cardiobacterium hominis
- HACEK

Aeromonadales

Aeromonas hydrophila/Aeromonas veronii
- Aeromonas infection

Campylobacterales	Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacteriosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome Helicobacter pylori Peptic ulcer, MALT lymphoma, Gastric cancer Helicobacter cinaedi Helicobacter cellulitis

Category:

Rickettsioses

Hidden categories:

Classification	D ICD-10: A75-A79 ICD-9-CM: 080-083 MeSH: D012288
External resources	eMedicine: ped/2015