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Sacral ganglia
Details
To	Sacral splanchnic nerves
Identifiers
Latin	ganglia sacralia
TA98	A14.3.01.035
TA2	6615
FMA	77579
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

The sacral ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk.^[1]^:39 As the sympathetic trunk heads inferiorly down the sacrum, it turns medially. There are generally four or five sacral ganglia. In addition to gray rami communicantes, the ganglia send off sacral splanchnic nerves to join the inferior hypogastric plexus. Near the coccyx, the right and left sympathetic trunks join to form the ganglion impar.

The sacral ganglia innervate blood vessels and sweat glands of the lower limbs.

Clinical significance

Recurrences of genital herpes are caused by herpes simplex virus (either HSV-1 or HSV-2) which lies dormant in the sacral ganglia between bouts of active infection.^[2] Either primary infection or reactivation may be silent or symptomatic.

References

^ Moore, Keith L. Moore, Anne M.R. Agur; in collaboration with and with content provided by Arthur F. Dalley II; with the expertise of medical illustrator Valerie Oxorn and the developmental assistance of Marion E. (2007). Essential clinical anatomy (3rd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-6274-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "VIROLOGY - CHAPTER ELEVEN HERPES VIRUSES". Microbiology and Immunology Online. University of South Carolina School of Medicine. Retrieved 10 April 2012.

Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system

Head

Sympathetic	Cervical ganglia: roots long ciliary Deep petrosal
Parasympathetic	Ciliary ganglion Roots Short ciliary Pterygopalatine ganglion deep petrosal nerve of pterygoid canal branches of distribution: greater palatine inferior posterior nasal branches lesser palatine nasopalatine medial superior posterior nasal branches pharyngeal Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion

Neck

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia Superior Middle Inferior Stellate ganglion prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus Internal carotid

Thorax

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus Esophageal plexus Pulmonary plexus Thoracic aortic plexus splanchnic nerves: cardiopulmonary thoracic cardiac nerves: Superior Middle Inferior

Abdomen

Sympathetic

paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia

prevertebral plexus:
Celiac plexus

aorticorenal
- Abdominal aortic plexus
- Renal/Suprarenal
Superior mesenteric
- Gastric
Inferior mesenteric
- Spermatic
- Ovarian
Superior hypogastric
- hypogastric nerve
- Superior rectal
Inferior hypogastric

splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves

Enteric

Pelvis

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia Ganglion impar splanchnic nerves: Sacral splanchnic nerves
Parasympathetic	splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves

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