Saint-Lazare Prison

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Saint-Lazare Prison - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 48°52′32″N 2°21′16″E / 48.87556°N 2.35444°E

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

48°52′32″N 2°21′16″E / 48.87556°N 2.35444°E / 48.87556; 2.35444

Saint-Lazare Prison was a prison in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, France. It existed from 1793 until 1935 and was housed in a former motherhouse of the Vincentians.

History

in the 12th century a leprosarium was founded on the road from Paris to Saint-Denis at the boundary of a marshy area near River Seine. It was ceded on 7 January 1632 to St. Vincent de Paul and the Congregation of the Mission he had founded. At this stage, in addition to being a headquarter for the congregation, it became a place of detention for people who had become an embarrassment to their families: an enclosure for "black sheep" who had brought disgrace to their relatives.^{[citation needed]}

The prison was situated in the enclos Saint-Lazare, the largest enclosure in Paris until the end of the 18th century, between the Rue de Paradis to its south, the Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis to its east, the Boulevard de la Chapelle to its north and the Rue Sainte-Anne to its west (today the Rue du Faubourg Poissonnière). Its site is now marked by the Church of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul.^{[citation needed]}

The building was converted to prison at the time of the Reign of Terror in 1793, then a women's prison in the early 19th century, its land having been seized and re-allotted little by little since the Revolution. It was largely demolished in 1935, with the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris installing itself in the remaining buildings, where they remained until recently. Only the prison infirmary and chapel (built by Louis-Pierre Baltard in 1834) remain of the prison, with the latter to be seen in the square Alban-Satragne (107, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis) in the 10th arrondissement. The surviving remains of the Saint-Lazare prison were inscribed on the supplementary inventory of historic monuments in November 2005.^[1]

The Musée de la Révolution française conserves a portrait of Joseph Cange, a prison officer at the Saint-Lazare prison during the reign of Terror, who gave financial help to the family of a prisoner at the risk of his life and that was honoured nationally after the fall of Robespierre.^[2]

A song by Aristide Bruant entitled "À Saint-Lazare" is named after the prison.

Famous prisoners

Pre-Revolution

Pierre de Beaumarchais, playwright
Henri de Saint-Simon,^[3] French social theorist and one of the chief founders of Christian socialism^[4]

During the Revolution

François-Joseph Bélanger, architect
Adèle de Bellegarde, salonnière and model for Jacques-Louis David
André Chénier, poet
Aimée de Coigny (1769–1820), known as la Jeune Captive from her elegy by André Chénier
Marquis de Sade, writer and libertine
Hubert Robert, painter
Jean-Antoine Roucher, receveur des gabelles, poet, portrayed several times by Hubert Robert
Joseph-Benoît Suvée, painter
Thomas de Treil de Pardailhan, former baron and député for Paris in the Legislative Assembly
Charles-Louis Trudaine, adviser to the Parlement
Marie-Louise de Laval-Montmorency, abbess of Montmartre Abbey

Post-Revolution

Léonie Biard, Victor Hugo's mistress
Mata Hari, spy
Louise Michel, communard

Sources

Jacques Hillairet, Gibets, Piloris et Cachots du vieux Paris, éditions de Minuit, Paris, 1956 (ISBN 2707312754).
(in French) Appel des dernières victimes de la terreur à la prison Saint-Lazare à Paris les 7-9 Thermidor an II by Charles-Louis Muller (1815–1892), painting held at the Musée national du château de Versailles.

Notes

^ ARRETE N° 2005 - 2347 portant inscription au titre des monuments historiques de l'ensemble des bâtiments dus à l'architecte Louis-Pierre Baltard: les façades et toitures de l'ancienne infirmerie, le sol de la cour et la totalité de la chapelle de l'ancienne prison, devenue Hôpital Saint-Lazare, sis 1 à 5 square Alban-Satragne et 107 rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis à PARIS (10ème); situés sur la parcelle n° 48 d'une contenance de 1 ha 03 a 12 ca, figurant au cadastre section AP et appartenant à la Ville de Paris.
CONSIDERANT que les bâtiments subsistants de l'ancienne prison Saint-Lazare constituent l'un des rares exemples parisiens d'architecture néo-classique construits par Louis-Pierre Baltard et qu'à ce titre ils présentent un intérêt d'art et d'histoire suffisant pour en rendre désirable la préservation et les classer au titre de monuments historiques.
^ Delessert, Benjamin (17 June 1858). "Les Bons exemples: nouvelle morale en action". Didier et Cie. Retrieved 17 June 2023 – via Google Books.
^ Durkheim, E. (1959) [1928] Socialism, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.
^ "Henri de Saint-Simon | French Social Reformer & Philosopher | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2023.

External links

Media related to Prison Saint-Lazare at Wikimedia Commons

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