Samye Debate

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Samye Debate

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Samye Debate, also called Council of Lhasa, Council of Samye, Debate of Samye or Great Debate, was an eighth-century debate over whether enlightenment happened gradually or suddenly. The debate's historicity is contested, and extant accounts of the debate differ on the details of its proceedings.^[1]^[2] The various accounts agree that the debate was hosted by Tri Songdetsen at Samye Temple and consisted of two factions: the suddenists, represented by the Chinese monk Moheyan, and the gradualists, represented by the Indian monk Kamalaśila.

Accounts

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The debate is discussed in:

The Testament of Ba^[3]
The Debate on Sudden Awakening in the Great Vehicle (頓悟大乘正理決 Ch. Dunwu dasheng zhengli jue) by Wangxi 王錫^[4]
The Chöjung Metok Nyingpo of Nyang Nyima Özer
Pudön's History of Buddhism^[2]

Outcome

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While the Debate on the Sudden Awakening in the Great Vehicle claims that Moheyan won the debate but committed suicide in disappointment upon seeing the insufficient spiritual capacities of his new students, Tibetan sources claim that Kamalaśīla won. Both Wangxi and Pudön agree that Moheyan committed suicide shortly after the debate, whether out of disappointment after winning or out of shame after losing, and that Kamalaśīla's gradualist teachings were left to flourish in Tibet.^[2]

In Tibetan Buddhism, the debate is cited to explain why Tibet gravitated towards Indian Buddhism and not Chinese Buddhism.^[2]

References

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^ Tuttle, Gray; Schaeffer, Kurtis R. (2013). The Tibetan history reader. New York: Columbia university press. pp. 109–110. ISBN 978-0-231-14468-1.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Powers, John (2007). Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism (2. ed., rev ed.). Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publ. pp. 150–51. ISBN 978-1-55939-282-2.
^ Pasang Wangdu; Diemberger, Hildegard, eds. (2000). dBa' bzhed: the royal narrative concerning the bringing of the Buddha's doctrine to Tibet ; translation and facsimile edition of the Tibetan text. Beiträge zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. ISBN 978-3-7001-2956-1. OCLC 45797510.
^ Demièville, Paul (1952). Le concile de Lhasa: une controverse sur le quiétisme entre bouddhistes de l'Inde et de la Chine au VIIIe siècle de l'ère chrétienne [The Council of Lhasa: A Controversy on Quietism Between Indian and Chinese Buddhists in the 8th Century CE] (in French). Paris: Institut des hautes études chinoise.

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