Sarmi–Jayapura languages

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Sarmi–Jayapura languages - Wikipedia

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Sarmi-Jayapura
Sarmi-Jayapura Bay
Geographic distribution	Northern Papua
Linguistic classification	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Western Oceanic North New Guinea ? Sarmi-Jayapura
Proto-language	Proto-Sarmi–Jayapura
Language codes
Glottolog	`sarm1241`

The Sarmi-Jayapura Bay languages consist of half a dozen languages spoken on the northern coast of Papua province of Indonesia:^[1]

Sobei, Bonggo, Tarpia (Sarmi), Kayupulau, Ormu, Tobati–Enggros (Jayapura Bay)

Ross (1988) had considered Sarmi and Jayapura Bay (Kayapulau, Orma and Tobati) to be separate but related groups. Ross (1988) listed several additional Sarmi languages:

Anus (Korur) and Podena, Liki, and Wakde (close to Sobei), Masimasi, Kaptiau and Yamna.

The inclusion of a supposed Yarsun language^[2] appears to be due to confusion of language names with island names. No such language is attested; the island is located between that of the Anus and Podena languages, and all three islands are reported to speak dialects of a single language according to the first source to mention it.^[3]

With the exception of certain Micronesian languages, the Sarmi–Jayapura languages have the westernmost distribution out of all Oceanic languages.^[4]

Sound correspondences

Grace (1971:34–37) published a table of sound correspondences for the Sarmi languages, from which the following forms are gleaned. The languages are arranged from west to east.

Proto-Oceanic	Sobei	Wakde	Masimasi	Anus	Bonggo	Tarpia
*api 'fire'	yafu	yafu		yeif	af	yap
*isuŋ 'nose'	su-	hiu-	si-	su-	sua-	siwi-
*susu 'breast'	sisu-	ihi-			su-	su-
*ranum 'water'	rani	ranu	ranu	dein	dan	dan
*raun 'leaf'	rau	rau	rou	dau	dau	dau
*mapine 'woman'	mefne	mafani		mofin	mofin	mupin
*manuk 'bird'	maninetio	mani	mani	mein	man	man
*pulu 'feather'	fido	firu		firo	fru	puru
*puaq 'fruit'	afo	afu	afo	fowo	fukwa	pawa
*paqoRu 'new'	fefou	afafu		fofou	fieu	pipiu
*patu 'stone'	fati	fati	fati	feit	fiat	payaʔ
*pat 'four'	fau	fau		fau	fau	pau
*tolu 'three'	tou	tou	tour	tou	tor	tor
*taliŋa 'ear'	tidi-	tiri-	tira-	terne-	təren-	tarni-
*taŋis 'cry'	-tan	-tan	-tan	-tein	tənian	-nsin
*taumataq 'person'	temto	tamturi		timot	tumuat	tamuʔ
*kutu 'louse'	kute	witi		kut	kut	kuʔ
*kulit 'skin'	wadi	wari	wiri	keri	kru	kuru
*qone 'sand'	wane	wane	wane	wen	wen	wen
*qasawa 'spouse'	eson	ahun		sawe	sua	tawa

References

^ Lynch, John, Malcolm Ross & Terry Crowley. 2002. The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press.
^ Yarsun at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2019). "Glottolog". 3.4. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

Grace, George W. (1971). Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast. Oceanic Linguistics 10:11–37.
Ross, Malcolm (1988). Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian languages of western Melanesia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
Proto Oceanic basic vocabulary database

North New Guinea languages

Sarmi–Jayapura

Schouten

Siau	Arop-Sissano Sera Sissano Ulau-Suain Tumleo Yakamul
Kairiru	Kaiep Kairiru Terebu
Manam	Biem Kis Manam Medebur Sepa Wogeo

Huon Gulf

North Huon Gulf	Bukawa Kela Yabem
Markham	Aribwatsa Aribwaung Adzera Dangal Duwet Labu Maralango Mari Musom Nafi Silisili Wampar Wampur
South Huon Gulf	Hote Iwal Kapin Kumalu Mangga Buang Mapos Buang Mumeng Piu Vehes Yamap
Others	Numbami

Ngero–Vitiaz

Ngero	Bariai Gitua Kove Lusi Malalamai Mutu
Bel	Awad Bing Bilibil Gedaged Marik Matukar Mindiri Takia Wab
Bibling	Lamogai Mouk-Aria
Pasismanua	Aigon Karore Kaulong Miu Sengseng
Arawe	Aiklep Akolet Apalik Avau Bebeli Gimi Lesing-Gelimi Mangseng Solong
Mengen	Lote Mamusi Mengen
Korap	Arop-Lukep Karnai Malasanga Mur Pano
Roinji–Nenaya	Mato Ronji
Others	Amara Maleu Mbula Sio Tami

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages

SHWNG

Halmahera Sea

Ambel–Biga	Ambel Biga
Maya–Matbat	Ma'ya Matbat
Maden	Maden Fiawat
As	As
South Halmahera	Gane Taba Buli Maba Patani Sawai Gebe

Cenderawasih

Biakic	Biak Dusner Meoswar Roon
Yapen	Ambai Ansus Marau Wandamen Wooi Munggui Papuma pom Serui-Laut Kurudu Wabo
Southwest	Yaur Yerisiam Umar

Oceanic

Admiralty

Yapese ?
Eastern	Manus Baluan-Pam Lenkau Lou Nauna Penchal
Western	Northern Kaniet Southern Kaniet Seimat Wuvulu Aua

Saint Matthias

Temotu

Utupua	Amba Asumboa Tanimbili
Vanikoro	Teanu Lovono Tanema
Reefs–Santa Cruz	Äiwoo Engdewu / Nanggu Natügu / Santa Cruz Nalögo Noipx

Southeast
Solomonic

Gela–Guadalcanal	Bugotu Gela Lengo Birao Ghari Malango Talise
Malaita– San Cristobal	Longgu Sa'a Arosi Fagani Bauro Kahua Owa Marau Wawa ? † To'abaita Baelelea Baeggu Fataleka Lau Kwara'ae Wala Gula'alaa Kwaio Dori'o 'Are'are Oroha

Western
Oceanic

Meso–Melanesian

Kimbe

New Ireland–
Northwest
Solomonic

Tungag–Nalik	Kara Laxudumau Nalik Tiang Tigak Tungag
Tabar	Lihir Madara Notsi
Madak	Barok Lavatbura–Lamusong Madak
St. George	Bilur Fanamaket Kandas Konomala Label Lungalunga Niwer Mil Patpatar Ramoaaina Siar Sursurunga Tolai Warwar Feni
Northwest Solomonic	Hahon Hakö Halia Nehan Papapana Petats Saposa Solos Teop Tinputz Bannoni Piva Mono-Alu Torau Uruava Babatana Ririo Varisi Vaghua Ghanongga Hoava Kusaghe Lungga Marovo Nduke Roviana Simbo Ughele Vangunu Blablanga Cheke Holo Gao Kokota Laghu Zabana Zazao
Tomoip

North New Guinea

Sarmi– Jayapura ?	Anus Bonggo Kayupulau Liki Masimasi Ormu Podena Kaptiau Sobei Tarpia Tobati Wakde Yamna
Schouten	Arop-Sissano Sera Sissano Ulau-Suain Tumleo Yakamul Kaiep Kairiru Terebu Biem Kis Manam Medebur Sepa Wogeo
Huon Gulf	Bukawa Kela Yabem Aribwatsa † Aribwaung Adzera Dangal Duwet Labu Maralango Mari Musom Nafi Silisili Wampar Wampur Hote Iwal Kapin Kumalu Mangga Buang Mapos Buang Mumeng Piu Vehes Yamap Numbami
Ngero–Vitiaz	Bariai Gitua Kove Lusi Malalamai Mutu Awad Bing Bilibil Gedaged Marik Matukar Mindiri Takia Wab Lamogai Mouk-Aria Aigon Karore Kaulong Miu Sengseng Aiklep Akolet Apalik Avau Bebeli Gimi Lesing-Gelimi Mangseng Solong Lote Mamusi Mengen Arop-Lukep Karnai Malasanga Mur Pano Mato Ronji Amara Maleu Mbula Sio Tami

Papuan Tip

Nuclear	'Auhelawa Buhutu Bwanabwana Oya'oya Saliba Suau Unubahe Wagawaga Bwaidoka Diodio Iamalele Iduna Koluwawa Maiadomu Bunama Boselewa Dobu Duau Galeya Molima Mwatebu Sewa Bay Dawawa Kakabai Are Arifama-Miniafia Doga Gapapaiwa Ghayavi Kaninuwa Ubir Gweda Haigwai Maiwala Minaveha Taupota Tawala Yakaikeke Anuki Gumawana
Kilivila–Misima	Budibud Kilivila Misima Muyuw
Nimoa–Sudest	Nimoa Sudest

Southern
Oceanic

North Vanuatu

Torres–Banks	Hiw Lo-Toga Lehali Löyöp Mwotlap Volow Lemerig Vera’a Vurës Mwesen Mota Nume Dorig Koro Olrat Lakon Mwerlap
Maewo–Ambae– North Pentecost	Sun̄wadia Sun̄wadaga Baetora Duidui Northeast Ambae Raga
South Pentecost	Ske Apma Sa
Espiritu Santo	Cape Cumberland Nokuku Tolomako Wusi Akei Tasiriki Tangoa Araki Tiale Merei Kiai M̈av̈ea Tutuba Aore Tamambo Mores Shark Bay Sakao

Nuclear
Southern
Oceanic

Central Vanuatu

South Vanuatu

Erromango	Sie / Erromangan Sorung † Ifo (Utaha) † Ura
Tanna	Kwamera (South Tanna) Southwest Tanna Lenakel (West Tanna) Whitesands (East Tanna) North Tanna
Aneityum

Loyalties–
New Caledonia

Loyalty Islands

New Caledonian

Southern	Ndrumbea Numèè Xârâcùù Xârâgurè Tîrî Zire † Ajië Arhö Arhâ Neku Orowe
Northern	Vamale Haveke Haeke Cèmuhî Paicî Pwaamei Pwapwa Bwatoo Hmwaveke Waamwang Fwâi Jawe Nemi Pije Caac Kumak Yuanga Nyâlayu

Micronesian

Nauruan

Nuclear
Micronesian

Chuukic–
Pohnpeic

Chuukic	Sonsorol Tobian Chuukese Woleaian Ulithian Puluwatese Namonuito Tanapag Carolinian Satawalese Mortlockese Pááfang Mapia †
Pohnpeic	Mokilese Pingelapese Pohnpeian Ngatikese

Central Pacific

West

East

Polynesian

Nuclear
Polynesian

Tuvaluan Sikaiana Ontong Java Nukumanu Takuu Nuguria Kapingamarangi Nukuoro Pukapukan
Samoic	Samoan Tokelauan Niuatoputapu †
Eastern	Hawaiian Marqeusan Mangareva Tahitian Austral Rapa Tuamotuan Cook Islands Māori Rakahanga-Manihiki Tongareva Māori Moriori † Rapa Nui
Futunic	Wallisian (East Uvean) West Uvean Futunan (East Futunan) Futuna-Aniwa (West Futunan) Pukapukan Anuta Rennellese Tikopia Mele-Fila Emae

Tongic

* indicates proposed status
? indicates classification dispute
† indicates extinct status

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