Sclerophrys garmani

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Sclerophrys garmani - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sclerophrys garmani


A. garmani in Limpopo, South Africa
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Sclerophrys
Species:	S. garmani
Binomial name
*Sclerophrys garmani* (Meek, 1897)
Synonyms^[2]
Bufo garmani Meek, 1897 Amietophrynus garmani (Meek, 1897) Bufo regularis humbensis Monard, 1937 "1936" Bufo pseudogarmani Hulselmans, 1969 Bufo bisidanae Hulselmans, 1977

Sclerophrys garmani, also known as Garman's toad or eastern olive toad (among others), is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is widely distributed in East and Southern Africa. However, populations north and south of Tanzania might represent distinct species. If so, the name Sclerophrys garmani would apply to populations from northeastern Africa. Furthermore, its southern boundary towards the range of Sclerophrys poweri in South Africa is also unclear.^[1]^[2]

Etymology

The specific name garmani honors Samuel Garman, an American ichthyologist and herpetologist.^[3]

Description

Males grow to 106 mm (4.2 in) and females to 115 mm (4.5 in) in snout–vent length. The tympanum is almost as big as the eye diameter. The parotoid glands are large. The back is tan to olive-brown and bears large paired markings edged with black. A thin vertebral stripe may be present. Dorsal skin has distinct warts that bear small, black spines. The ventrum is off-white.^[4]

The male advertisement call is a loud, low-pitched "kwaak", lasting for about a second.^[4]

Range

The range extends from Ethiopia and Somalia southward through Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, to South Africa and Eswatini and west to Namibia^[1]^[2] and Angola.^[2]

Habitat

Sclerophrys garmani in habits both arid and wooded savannas as well as agricultural areas at elevations below 2,000 m (6,600 ft). A Tanzanian population was found entirely in woodland areas. Breeding takes place in temporary water, sometimes also in artificial pools and rivers.^[1]

Sclerophrys garmani is common in parts of its range. It can be threatened by habitat loss caused by human expansion, settlement, and agricultural encroachment. However, it is an adaptable species that is not seriously at risk. It is present in many protected areas.^[1]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amietophrynus garmani.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2016). "Sclerophrys garmani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T54649A107346310. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T54649A107346310.en. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Frost, Darrel R. (2021). "Sclerophrys garmani (Meek, 1897)". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.
^ ^a ^b Channing, Allan & Rödel, Mark-Oliver (2019). Field Guide to the Frogs & other Amphibians of Africa. Cape Town: Struik Nature. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-1-77584-512-6.

Taxon identifiers
Sclerophrys garmani	Wikidata: Q28929935 Wikispecies: Sclerophrys garmani AmphibiaWeb: 181 ASW: Sclerophrys-garmani CoL: 4VQ8K GBIF: 10737210 ITIS: 1103585 IUCN: 54649 NCBI: 47549 Observation.org: 201542 Open Tree of Life: 405552
Amietophrynus garmani	Wikidata: Q2843312 ADW: Amietophrynus_garmani BioLib: 178500 CoL: CSBR GBIF: 2422970 iNaturalist: 64932 ITIS: 773484 Open Tree of Life: 405552
Bufo garmani	Wikidata: Q28929940 CoL: 5X3ZY GBIF: 5217071 IRMNG: 10231863 ITIS: 661782