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Prunella (plant) - Wikipedia

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Prunella

Prunella vulgaris (Common Self-heal)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Lamiaceae
Subfamily:	Nepetoideae
Tribe:	Mentheae
Genus:	Prunella L.
Synonyms^[1]
Brunella Mill. Prunellopsis Kudô

Prunella is a genus of herbaceous plants in the family Lamiaceae, also known as self-heals, heal-all, or allheal for their use in herbal medicine.

Habitat

Most are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but Prunella vulgaris (common self-heal) is Holarctic in distribution, occurring in North America as well, and is a common lawn weed. Prunellas are low-growing plants, and thrive in moist wasteland and grass, spreading rapidly to cover the ground. They are members of the mint family and have the square stem common to mints.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Biological descriptions

The common name "self-heal" derives from the use of some species to treat a range of minor disorders. Self-heal can be grown from seed, or by dividing clumps in spring or autumn.

Species^[1]

Prunella albanica Pénzes – Albania
Prunella × bicolor Beck – parts of Europe (P. grandiflora × P. laciniata)
Prunella × codinae Sennen – Spain (P. hyssopifolia × P. laciniata)
Prunella cretensis Gand. – Crete
Prunella × gentianifolia Pau – Spain (P. hyssopifolia × P. vulgaris)
Prunella grandiflora (L.) Scholler – central + southern Europe from Caucasus to Russia; Caucasus
Prunella hyssopifolia L. – Spain, France, Italy, Morocco
Prunella × intermedia Link – central + southwestern Europe (P. laciniata × P. vulgaris)
Prunella laciniata (L.) L – central + southern Europe, North Africa, Middle East
Prunella orientalis Bornm. – Turkey, Syria
Prunella prunelliformis (Maxim.) Makino – Japan
Prunella × surrecta Dumort. – central + southwestern Europe (P. grandiflora × P. vulgaris)
Prunella vulgaris L. – widespread in Europe, North Africa, Asia, North America; naturalized in New Zealand, parts of South America

Subspecies are^[4]

Prunella vulgaris ssp. aleutica (Fernald) Hultén – Aleutian selfheal
Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolata (W. Bartram) Hultén – lance selfheal
Prunella vulgaris ssp. vulgaris (L.) – common selfheal

Uses

Traditional medicine

Dried Prunella

Traditional Chinese

夏枯草

Simplified Chinese

夏枯草

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	xia⁴ ku¹ cao³
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	hah⁵ fu¹ chou²
Jyutping	haa⁵ fu¹ cou²
IPA	[ha̬fútsʰǒu]

In the Pacific Northwest, its juice was used by the Quinault and the Quileute on boils.^[5] They also used the whole plant to treat cuts and inflammations.^[6] Ointments can be made by fixing^{[clarification needed]} the plant with grease. Dried Prunella (Chinese: 夏枯草; pinyin: xià kū cǎo) is used to make a herbal drink.^[7] Prunella is also used for halitosis, especially when combined with other herbs (e.g. perilla, field mint, etc.). Herbal tea for treating ozostomia caused by oral local lesion

Food uses

The mildly bitter leaves are also good as salad greens. Prunella species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora albitarsella.^{[citation needed]}

As a health supplement

Prunella vulgaris is used as an ingredient in some bodybuilding supplements.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". wcsp.science.kew.org.
^ "Prunella vulgaris in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org.
^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Prunella includes photos plus range maps for Europe + North America
^ "Prunella vulgaris L." www.itis.gov. ITIS. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
^ "USDA Plants Database" (PDF). plants.usda.gov.
^ "Prunella spike History..." Archived from the original on 2018-02-20. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
^ "StackPath". www.gardeningknowhow.com. 8 August 2018.

Taxon identifiers

Prunella

Wikidata: Q148652
Wikispecies: Prunella (Lamiaceae)
APDB: 194042
APNI: 112282
CoL: 8W2QN
eFloraSA: Prunella
EoL: 70879
EPPO: 1PRUNG
FloraBase: 22024
FoC: 126862
GBIF: 2926553
GRIN: 9886
iNaturalist: 52765
IPNI: 21152-1
IRMNG: 1289121
ITIS: 32380
NBN: NHMSYS0000462077
NCBI: 39176
NZOR: dc8980ea-d87e-4e32-ac0f-65ddb1ddcd67
Open Tree of Life: 314693
PLANTS: PRUNE
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:21152-1
Tropicos: 40016709
VASCAN: 1592
VicFlora: 6fc902d0-ea89-4efc-8eae-28f3fac10fa8
WFO: wfo-4000031279

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