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Mandaeism
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Prophets Adam Seth Noah Shem John the Baptist
Names for adherents Mandaeans Sabians Nasoraeans Gnostics
Scriptures Ginza Rabba Right Ginza Left Ginza Mandaean Book of John Qulasta (list) Haran Gawaita The Wedding of the Great Shishlam The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa Diwan Abatur The Thousand and Twelve Questions Scroll of Exalted Kingship The Coronation of the Great Shishlam Alma Rišaia Rba Alma Rišaia Zuṭa Zihrun Raza Kasia Scroll of the Parwanaya Book of the Zodiac Dmut Kušṭa Scroll of the Rivers Secrets of the Ancestors Scroll of the Ancestors
Priests Rishama Ganzibra Tarmida Shganda
Individual leaders Miriai Shlama beth Qidra Zazai of Gawazta Anush Bar Danqa Yahya Bihram Dakhil Aidan Jabbar Choheili Sattar Jabbar Hilow Najah Choheili Salah Choheili Brikha Nasoraia
Rituals Masbuta Masiqta Tamasha Rishama Kushta Qabin Misha
Ritual food and drink Mambuha Halalta Hamra Pihta Fatira Zidqa brikha Lofani Sa Dukrana
Practices Belief in Oneness of God Daily prayer Baptism Fasting Almsgiving
Objects and symbols Drabsha Rasta Burzinqa Pandama Klila Taga Riha Skandola
Cosmology Hayyi Rabbi World of Light Mana Manda Uthra Manda d-Hayyi Yushamin Abatur Ptahil Hibil Shitil Anush Sam Ziwa Bihram Rabba Adathan Yadathan Shilmai Nidbai Yawar Ziwa Simat Hayyi Yufin-Yufafin Nsab Nbat Gubran Shihlun Urfeil Marfeil Saureil Zihrun Etinsib Ziwa Piriawis Tarwan Yura Yurba Yukashar Ziwa Shahrat Malwasha Nishimta Dinanukht Shishlam Ezlat škina Dmuta Mshunia Kushta Adam kasia Adam pagria Shatrin Laufa Hitfun Tibil World of Darkness Sea of Suf Siniawis Matarta Ruha Ur Krun Gaf Qin Zahreil Anathan Giu Shdum Zartai-Zartanai Hag Mag
Festivals Parwanaya Dehwa Rabba Dehwa d-Shishlam Rabba Dehwa Daimana Dehwa Hanina Abu al-Haris (Ashoriya) Ead Fel
Places Yardena Beth Manda Shkinta Andiruna
Prayers Sidra d-Nishmata Asut Malkia Rushuma Rahma Tabahatan Shumhata Bshuma
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In Mandaeism, a shganda (šganda; Classical Mandaic: ࡔࡂࡀࡍࡃࡀ), shkanda (Arabic: شكندا, romanized: škandā), or ashganda (ašganda)^[1] is a ritual assistant who helps priests with ritual duties.^[2]

In the Mandaean diaspora, shgandas, or alternatively learned laymen called yalufa, often perform minor priestly roles due to shortages of tarmida and ganzibra priests abroad.^[3]^: 338

Tarmida initiations

Tarmida initiates or novices (šualia) have often been trained as shgandas when they were children. Initiates may or may not be married, although typically they are not yet married.^[2]

During tarmida initiation ceremonies, shgandas, who represent emissaries from the World of Light, also help perform the rituals, many of which are held in a specially constructed priest initiation hut (škinta) and also a nearby temporary reed hut (andiruna).^[2]

Notable shgandas

Salem Choheili (born 1935), scribe, teacher, and author in Ahvaz

References

^ Drower, E. S. 1960. The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
^ ^a ^b ^c Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
^ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010). The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history. Piscataway, N.J: Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-59333-621-9.

Mandaeism

People

Historical identities

Priesthood

Titles	Rishama Ganzibra Tarmida (Shganda)
Individuals	(List of Mandaean priests) Shlama beth Qidra Zazai of Gawazta Anush bar Danqa Yahya Bihram Ram Zihrun Bibia Mudalal Abdullah Khaffagi Negm bar Zahroon Abdullah bar Negm Abdullah bar Sam Dakhil Aidan Jabbar Choheili Salah Choheili Najah Choheili Taleb Doraji Khaldoon Majid Abdullah Sahi Bashikh Sattar Jabbar Hilow Yuhana Nashmi Brikha Nasoraia Rafid al-Sabti Salwan Alkhamas
Institutions	Mandaean Council of Ahvaz Sabian Mandaean Association in Australia

Literature

Main texts

Ginza Rabba
- Right Ginza
- Left Ginza
Mandaean Book of John

Prayers

Qulasta (list)	Sidra d-Nishmata Rushuma Asut Malkia Eniana Rahma Tabahatan Shumhata

Priestly texts

Historical texts

Haran Gawaita

Apotropaic texts

Cosmology

Tibil
Yardna

World of Light

Uthras

Concepts	Anana Gufna Ziwa

Intermediary realms

World of Darkness

Demons	Ruha Ur Krun Gaf Qin Anathan Shdum Giu Hag and Mag Zartai-Zartanai Zahreil
Planets	Shamish (Sun) Libat (Venus) Nbu (Mercury) Sin (Moon) Kiwan (Saturn) Bil (Jupiter) Nirig (Mars)

Important figures

Legendary figures

Concepts

Kushta (truth)
Manda (gnosis)
Laufa (communion)
Dmuta (image)
Nishimta (soul)
Ruha (spirit)
Mana (mind)
Adam Kasia (hidden Adam)
Adam Pagria (bodily Adam)

Objects and symbols

Drabsha (banner)
Misha (oil)
Riha (incense)
Skandola (talisman seal)

Ritual food and drink

Drinks	Mambuha Halalta Hamra
Foods	Pihta Fatira Sa
Meals	Dukrana Lofani Zidqa brikha

Clothing

Rasta (robe)
Burzinqa (turban)
Pandama (mouth-veil)
Himiana (girdle)
Margna (staff)
Klila (wreath)
Taga (crown)

Rituals and practices

Masbuta (baptism)
Tamasha (triple ablution)
Rishama (minor ablution)
Masiqta (death mass)
Qabin (wedding)
Brakha (prayer)
Bshuma (name of God)
Sauma (fasting)
Zidqa (almsgiving)
Naming

Buildings and structures

Calendar

Feasts	Dehwa Rabba Feast of the Great Shishlam Dehwa Hanina Abu al-Haris Parwanaya Dehwa Daimana
Months	Daula Nuna ʿmbra Taura Ṣilmia Sarṭana Aria Šumbulta Qaina Arqba Hiṭia Gadia
Epochs	Adam and Eve Ram and Rud Shurbai and Sharhabeil Noah and Nuraita

Language

Scholarly disciplines

Mandaean studies

Category · Outline

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Categories:

Hidden categories:

Tarmida initiations

Notable shgandas

See also

References