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Shikigami (式神) (also read as Shiki-no-kami (式の神)) is the term for a being from Japanese folklore. According to the Shinto scholar Inoue Nobutaka, it is thought to be some sort of kami, represented by a small ghost.[1] The belief of shikigami originates from Onmyōdō. According to the tradition of Onmyōdō, shikigami is a symbol of onmyōji's power because onmyōji can freely use shikigami with magical powers. It has been associated with "curses" since the 1000s of the Heian period, and was often depicted as a bird or a child in Japanese literature and Emakimono.[2]
Description
Shikigami are conjured beings, made alive through a complex ceremony. Their power is connected to the spiritual force of their master, where if the invoker is well introduced and has much experience, their shiki can possess animals and even people and manipulate them, but if the invoker is careless, their shikigami may get out of control in time, gaining its own will and consciousness and can even raid its own master and kill them in revenge. Usually shikigami are conjured to exercise risky orders for their masters, such as spying, stealing and enemy tracking. Shikigami are said to be invisible most of the time, but they can be made visible by binding them into small, folded and artfully cut paper manikins. There are also shikigami that can show themselves as animals.[1][3][4]
In the Izanagi-ryū (Japanese: いざなぎ流) folk religion, the most elite onmyōji could also conjure an exceptionally powerful type of shikigami called a shikiōji (Japanese: 式王子) to ward off disasters or demons that cause sickness. Regular mystics could not attempt to summon it without risking losing control of it due to its oni-like nature.
In popular culture
Within the realm of the manga and anime series Jujutsu Kaisen, shikigami play a pivotal role in the arsenal of jujutsu sorcerers, notably Megumi Fushiguro. The supernatural entities are conjured through the manipulation of cursed energy, typically facilitated by talismans and summoning magic.[5]
The Touhou Project series of bullet hell shoot-'em-ups features two shikigami characters: Ran Yakumo, a kitsune servant of the powerful yōkai Yukari Yakumo,[6] and Chen, Ran's nekomata shikigami.[7]
See also
- Dogū
- Familiar
- Haniwa
- Hōko (doll)
- Kokeshi
- Paper doll
- Pelesit
- Poppet
- Spirit animal (disambiguation)
- Totem
- Ushabti
- Voodoo doll
- Zuijin
References
- ^ a b Inoue, Nobutaka (2002). An Encyclopedia of Shinto. Tokyo: Kokugakuin University. pp. 84–90. ISBN 978-4905853084.
- ^ Wakako Nakajima. "陰陽道の式神の成立と変遷 文学作品の呪詛にも触れつつ" (PDF). Hokkaido University of Education. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-12-18. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ Avant, G. Rodney (2005). A Mythological Reference. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. p. 356. ISBN 978-1418492786.
- ^ Drazen, Patrick (2011). A Gathering of Spirits: Japan's Ghost Story Tradition: from Folklore and Kabuki to Anime and Manga. Bloomington, Indiana: Iuniverse. p. 224. ISBN 978-1462029426.
- ^ Yehia, Ahmed (2024-02-06). "Jujutsu Kaisen: What are Shikigami?". Game Rant. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
- ^ Touhou Gumon Shiki: Perfect Memento in Strict Sense (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. 2006. pp. 64–65.
- ^ Touhou Gumon Shiki: Perfect Memento in Strict Sense (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. 2006. pp. 62–63.
