Shuilingornis

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Shuilingornis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Shuilingornis Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, Aptian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Reconstructed skeleton
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Clade:	Avialae
Family:	†Gansuidae
Genus:	†Shuilingornis Wang et al., 2024
Species:	†S. angelai
Binomial name
†Shuilingornis angelai Wang et al., 2024

Shuilingornis (meaning "pretty and vivid bird") is an extinct genus of gansuid euornithean birds from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of China. The genus contains a single species, S. angelai, known from a nearly complete articulated skeleton. As a member of the Gansuidae, Shuilingornis represents one of the earliest known birds known to demonstrate semi-aquatic adaptations.^[1]

Discovery and naming

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The Shuilingornis holotype specimen, LY2022JZ3002, was discovered in sediments of the Jiufotang Formation ('Lamadong locality') in Jianchang County of Huludao City, Liaoning Province, China. The specimen is a nearly complete and articulated skeleton, preserved on a single slab. Some feather imprints are visible around the hand of the holotype. An egg-shaped pigmented spot is preserved in the abdominal region, indicating some form of soft tissue. Similarly, a dark spot observed in the orbital region likely represents traces of the eye.^[1]

In 2024, Wang et al. described Shuilingornis angelai as a new genus and species of gansuid avialans based on these fossil remains. The generic name, Shuilingornis, combines the Chinese word "shuiling", meaning "pretty and vivid", with the Greek word "ornis", meaning "bird". The specific name, angelai, honors Piero Angela, an Italian science communicator and journalist.^[1]

Description

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Based on the length of the tibiotarsus, Shuilingornis was smaller than other members of the Gansuidae, 70% the size of Gansus, and 88% the size of Changzuiornis. Bone histology of the preserved ulna, indicates that the Shuilingornis holotype was a young adult when it died.^[1]

Classification

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In their phylogenetic analyses, Wang et al. (2024) recovered Shuilingornis as a member of the euornithean clade Gansuidae, closely related to Changzuiornis. Other members of this clade include Gansus, Iteravis, Khinganornis, and possibly Hollanda. Their results are displayed in the cladogram below:^[1]

†Enantiornithes

Euornithes

†Cruralispennia

†Zhongjianornis

†Dingavis

	†Yumenornis

	†Xinghaiornis

†Archaeorhynchus

†Schizooura

	†Tianyuornis

	†Archaeornithura

	†Parahongshanornis

	†Longicrusavis

	†Hongshanornis

†Yixianornis

†Yanornis

†Ambiortus

†Piscivoravis

Gansuidae

	†Iteravis

	†Gansus yumenensis

†Khinganornis

	†Shuilingornis

	†Changzuiornis

	Ornithuromorpha

References

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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Wang, Xuri; Cau, Andrea; Wang, Yinuo; Kundrát, Martin; Zhang, Guili; Liu, Yichuan; Chiappe, Luis M. (2024-09-24). "A new gansuid bird (Avialae, Euornithes) from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) Jiufotang Formation of Jianchang, western Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research (in press): 106014. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.106014. ISSN 0195-6671.

Maniraptora

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Maniraptoriformes

Avemetatarsalia

- see Avemetatarsalia

Theropoda

see Theropoda
Maniraptora	see below↓

Maniraptora

†Elopteryx?
†Fukuivenator?
†Kakuru?
†Migmanychion
†Yaverlandia?

†Alvarezsauroidea

Alvarezsauridae

Parvicursorinae

Dzharaonyx Jaculinykus Khulsanurus Kol? Nemegtonykus Ondogurvel Parvicursor Qiupanykus Trierarchuncus
Ceratonykini	Albinykus Ceratonykus Xixianykus
Mononykini	Albertonykus Linhenykus Mononykus Shuvuuia

†Therizinosauria

Therizinosauroidea

Alxasaurus Beipiaosaurus Enigmosaurus Martharaptor Suzhousaurus
Therizinosauridae	Erliansaurus Erlikosaurus Nanshiungosaurus Neimongosaurus Nothronychus Paralitherizinosaurus Segnosaurus Therizinosaurus

Pennaraptora

†Oviraptorosauria	see Oviraptorosauria
Paraves	see below↓

Paraves

†Imperobator †Palaeopteryx? †Pneumatoraptor †Rahonavis
†Scansoriopterygidae?	Ambopteryx Epidexipteryx Scansoriopteryx Yi
†Anchiornithidae	Anchiornis Aurornis Caihong Eosinopteryx Fujianvenator Liaoningvenator? Ostromia Pedopenna Serikornis Xiaotingia Yixianosaurus
†Archaeopterygidae	Alcmonavis? Archaeopteryx Wellnhoferia Anchiornithidae?
†Dromaeosauridae	see Dromaeosauridae
†Troodontidae	see Troodontidae

Avialae

†Alcmonavis †Balaur? †Cretaaviculus? †Fukuipteryx †Overoraptor †Rahonavis? †Yandangornis †Zhongornis †Anchiornithidae? †Archaeopterygidae? †Scansoriopterygidae?
†Jeholornithiformes	Dalianraptor? Jeholornis Jixiangornis? Kompsornis Neimengornis

Pygostylia

†"Proornis"

†Omnivoropterygidae?

Omnivoropteryx
Sapeornis

†Confuciusornithidae

†Jinguofortisidae

Ornithothoraces

†Enantiornithes	see Enantiornithes
Euornithes	see below↓

Euornithes

†Archaeorhynchus †Bellulornis †Brevidentavis †Changmaornis †Changzuiornis †Chaoyangia †Dingavis †Eogranivora †Gargantuavis? †Hollanda †Horezmavis †Jianchangornis †Jiuquanornis †Juehuaornis †Kaririavis †Meemannavis †Platanavis †Vorona †Wyleyia? †Xinghaiornis †Yumenornis †Zhongjianornis
†Schizoouridae	Mengciusornis Schizooura
†Patagopterygiformes	Alamitornis Kuszholia? Patagopteryx
†Ambiortiformes	Ambiortus Apsaravis? Palintropus?
†Hongshanornithidae	Archaeornithura Hongshanornis Longicrusavis Parahongshanornis Tianyuornis
†Songlingornithidae	Hollanda? Piscivoravis? Songlingornis Yanornis? Yixianornis?
†Yanornithidae	Abitusavis Similiyanornis Yanornis
†Gansuidae?	Changzuiornis Gansus Hollanda? Iteravis Khinganornis Shuilingornis

Ornithurae

†Antarcticavis?
†Apatornis
†Cerebavis
†Gallornis
†Guildavis
†Iaceornis
†Kookne
†Limenavis
†Tingmiatornis

†Ichthyornithes

Ichthyornis
Janavis

†Hesperornithes

Baptornis Brodavis Chupkaornis Enaliornis Judinornis Pasquiaornis Potamornis
Hesperornithidae	Asiahesperornis Canadaga Fumicollis Hesperornis Parahesperornis

†Vegaviidae

†Cimolopterygidae

Aves / Neornithes

- see below↓

Aves / Neornithes

Palaeognathae

- see Palaeognathae

Neognathae

Neoaves

Galloanserae

Anserimorphae	see Anserimorphae
Pangalliformes	see Pangalliformes

Incertae sedis

†Asteriornis †Perplexicervix †Qinornis?
†Dromornithidae	Barawertornis Dromornis Genyornis Ilbandornis
†Gastornithiformes	Brontornis? Gastornis Dromornithidae?
†Pelagornithidae	Aequornis Caspiodontornis Cyphornis Dasornis Gigantornis Laornis? Lutetodontopteris Macrodontopteryx Manu? Odontopteryx Odontoptila Osteodontornis Palaeochenoides Pelagornis Proceriavis? Protodontopteryx Protopelicanus? Pseudodontornis Tympanonesiotes

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