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Skorpiovenator - Wikipedia

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Skorpiovenator Temporal range: Cenomanian, 99.6–89.8 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Cast of the holotype specimen
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Family:	†Abelisauridae
Clade:	†Brachyrostra
Genus:	†Skorpiovenator Canale et al. 2009
Type species
†Skorpiovenator bustingorryi Canale et al. 2009

Skorpiovenator ("scorpion hunter") is a genus of abelisaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Turonian) Huincul Formation of Argentina. It is one of the most complete and informative abelisaurids yet known, described from a nearly complete and articulated skeleton.

Description

The preserved length of the excavated Skorpiovenator skeleton from the premaxilla to the 12th caudal vertebra is 4.35 m (14.3 ft). It was estimated to have grown up to 6–6.2 m (19.7–20.3 ft) long and weighed up to 891 kilograms (1,964 lb).^[1]^[2]^[3] It had short, stubby, near-useless arms, but strong legs with powerful thighs and sturdy shins over which its large body was balanced.^[4]

Skull

Skorpiovenator's skull was short, stout and covered in the ridges, furrows, tubercles and bumpy nodules that are scattered over the heads of most abelisaurid theropods. It is craniocaudally short, similar to Carnotaurus, and is shorter and deeper than the skulls of Abelisaurus and Majungasaurus. Notably, the maxilla and lacrimal of Skorpiovenator are wider than in the corresponding bones of the remaining abelisaurids.^[1]

Skorpiovenator had 19 maxillary teeth, which is more than any other known abelisaurid. The shape of the crowns of the teeth is similar to other abelisaurids, and exhibit enamel wrinkles and marginal serrations.^[1]

Discovery and naming

The type specimen was described and named by Canale, Scanferla, Agnolin and Novas in 2009 (though the paper was released as an advanced publication online in 2008). The name Skorpiovenator bustingorryi is derived from the Greek and Latin for "scorpion hunter," due to the abundant scorpions present at the dig site, and the specific name honors Manuel Bustingorry, who owned the farm where the specimen was found. The describers have defined a new name Brachyrostra for a clade, to which Skorpiovenator belonged.^[1]

The type species, Skorpiovenator bustingorryi, is known from a single, nearly complete skeleton (MMCH-PV 48K) missing only sections of the tail and the majority of the forelimbs. The specimen was recovered from the lower part of the Huincul Formation in Patagonia, dating to the late Cenomanian stage, about 95 million years ago. It would have lived alongside other carnivorous dinosaurs such as the carcharodontosaurid Mapusaurus and another abelisaurid, Ilokelesia. The remains are deposited in the Ernesto Bachmann Paleontological Museum of Villa El Chocón, Patagonia, Argentina.^[1]

Classification

In 2008, Canale et al. published a phylogenetic analysis focusing on the South American carnotaurines. In their results, they found that all South American forms (including Skorpiovenator) grouped together as a sub-clade of Carnotaurinae, which they named Brachyrostra, meaning "short snouts". They defined the clade Brachyrostra as "all the abelisaurids more closely related to Carnotaurus sastrei than to Majungasaurus crenatissimus."^[1]

	Carnotaurus

	Aucasaurus

Ilokelesia

	Skorpiovenator

	Ekrixinatosaurus

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Canale, J.I.; Scanferla, C.A.; Agnolin, F.; and Novas, F.E. (2009). "New carnivorous dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of NW Patagonia and the evolution of abelisaurid theropods". Naturwissenschaften. 96 (3): 409–414. Bibcode:2009NW.....96..409C. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0487-4. hdl:11336/52024. PMID 19057888. S2CID 23619863.
^ Grillo, O. N.; Delcourt, R. (2016). "Allometry and body length of abelisauroid theropods: Pycnonemosaurus nevesi is the new king". Cretaceous Research. 69: 71–89. Bibcode:2017CrRes..69...71G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.09.001.
^ Pintore, R.; Hutchinson, J. R.; Bishop, P. J.; Tsai, H. P.; Houssaye, A. (2024). "The evolution of femoral morphology in giant non-avian theropod dinosaurs". Paleobiology. 50 (2): 308–329. Bibcode:2024Pbio...50..308P. doi:10.1017/pab.2024.6. PMC 7616063. PMID 38846629.
^ Naish, Darren (2012). Planet Dinosaur : The Next Generation of Killer Giants. Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-77085-049-1.

Theropoda

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Clade: Avemetatarsalia
Clade: Dinosauria

Avemetatarsalia

see Avemetatarsalia
Theropoda	see below↓

Theropoda

Neotheropoda

Coelophysoidea

Dracoraptor? Panguraptor Pendraig Podokesaurus Powellvenator
Coelophysidae	Camposaurus Coelophysis Lucianovenator Megapnosaurus? Panguraptor? Procompsognathus Pterospondylus? Segisaurus

Averostra

- see below↓

Dubious neotheropods

Teinurosaurus
Halticosaurus

Averostra

Dornraptor
Lophostropheus?

Ceratosauria

Berberosaurus Fosterovenator? Jubbulpuria Lukousaurus? Saltriovenator
Ceratosauridae	Ceratosaurus Genyodectes

Abelisauroidea

Noasauridae

Afromimus? Austrocheirus? Berthasaura Compsosuchus? Dahalokely? Deltadromeus? Genusaurus? Kiyacursor Ligabueino Spinostropheus
Elaphrosaurinae	Elaphrosaurus Huinculsaurus Limusaurus
Noasaurinae	Laevisuchus Masiakasaurus Noasaurus Velocisaurus Vespersaurus

Abelisauridae

Majungasaurinae

Carnotaurinae

Majungasaurinae?

Brachyrostra

Dahalokely? Ekrixinatosaurus Elemgasem Guemesia Ilokelesia Llukalkan Niebla Rahiolisaurus? Skorpiovenator Thanos
Furileusauria	Abelisaurus Aucasaurus Caletodraco Carnotaurus Elemgasem? Koleken Pycnonemosaurus Quilmesaurus Viavenator

Tetanurae	see below↓

Tetanurae

Orionides

Megalosauroidea

Yunyangosaurus
Piatnitzkysauridae	Condorraptor Marshosaurus Piatnitzkysaurus Xuanhanosaurus?

Megalosauria

Streptospondylus?

Megalosauridae

Eustreptospondylus
Megalosaurinae	Duriavenator Megalosaurus Torvosaurus Wiehenvenator
Afrovenatorinae	Afrovenator Dubreuillosaurus Leshansaurus Magnosaurus Piveteausaurus Poekilopleuron?

Spinosauridae

Baryonychinae

Baryonyx Protathlitis Riojavenatrix Suchosaurus? Vallibonavenatrix?
Ceratosuchopsini	Ceratosuchops Riparovenator Suchomimus

Spinosaurinae

Camarillasaurus? Ichthyovenator Irritator Oxalaia Siamosaurus
Spinosaurini	Sigilmassasaurus Spinosaurus

Avetheropoda	see below↓

Avetheropoda

Gasosaurus?
Lourinhanosaurus?

Carnosauria

Allosauroidea

Metriacanthosauridae

Xuanhanosaurus? Yangchuanosaurus
Metriacanthosaurinae	Alpkarakush Metriacanthosaurus Shidaisaurus Siamotyrannus Sinraptor

Carcharodontosauridae

Carcharodontosaurinae

Carcharodontosaurus
Giganotosaurini	Giganotosaurus Mapusaurus Meraxes Taurovenator Tyrannotitan

Megaraptora?

Aoniraptor Bahariasaurus? Deltadromeus? Fukuiraptor Phuwiangvenator Rapator Siats? Chilantaisaurus?
Megaraptoridae	Aerosteon Australovenator Maip Megaraptor Murusraptor Orkoraptor Tratayenia

Coelurosauria

- see below↓

Coelurosauria

Tyrannoraptora

Tyrannosauroidea

Chingkankousaurus Labocania?
Coeluridae?	Coelurus Tanycolagreus?
Proceratosauridae	Guanlong Kileskus Proceratosaurus Sinotyrannus Yutyrannus

Albertosaurus
Gorgosaurus

Tyrannosaurinae

Asiatyrannus Nanuqsaurus
Alioramini	Alioramus Qianzhousaurus
Daspletosaurini	Daspletosaurus Thanatotheristes
Teratophoneini	Bistahieversor? Dynamoterror Labocania? Lythronax Teratophoneus
Tyrannosaurini	Tarbosaurus Tyrannosaurus Zhuchengtyrannus

Maniraptoromorpha	see below↓

Dubious coelurosaurs	Iliosuchus Kakuru Phaedrolosaurus Shanyangosaurus

Maniraptoromorpha

Neocoelurosauria

Aniksosaurus
Compsognathidae	Aniksosaurus? Aristosuchus Beipiaognathus? Compsognathus Huaxiagnathus Mirischia Scipionyx? Sinocalliopteryx Sinosauropteryx Xunmenglong

Maniraptoriformes

Compsognathidae?

Ornithomimosauria

Macrocheiriformes

Harpymimus Pelecanimimus Shenzhousaurus
Deinocheiridae	Beishanlong Deinocheirus Garudimimus Harpymimus? Paraxenisaurus? Tyrannomimus
Ornithomimidae	Aepyornithomimus Anserimimus Archaeornithomimus "Coelosaurus" Dromiceiomimus Gallimimus Ornithomimus Qiupalong Rativates Sinornithomimus Struthiomimus Tototlmimus

Maniraptora

- see Maniraptora
- includes birds

Taxon identifiers
Skorpiovenator	Wikidata: Q18510901 Wikispecies: Skorpiovenator EoL: 10519189 GBIF: 4966160 Open Tree of Life: 4129829 Paleobiology Database: 138555
Skorpiovenator bustingorryi	Wikidata: Q292134 EoL: 42333363 GBIF: 4966161 Open Tree of Life: 4129830 Paleobiology Database: 138557

Categories:

Hidden categories:

Description

Skull

Discovery and naming

Classification

See also

References