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Spectacled thrush

Adult spectacled thrush in Tobago, showing eyering for which it is named
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Turdidae
Genus:	Turdus
Species:	T. nudigenis
Binomial name
*Turdus nudigenis* Lafresnaye, 1848

The spectacled thrush, bare-eyed thrush, or yellow-eyed thrush^[2] (Turdus nudigenis), is a resident breeding bird in the Lesser Antilles and in South America from Colombia and Venezuela south and east to northern Brazil. In Trinidad and Tobago, this thrush is also known as big-eye grieve.

The similar but allopatric Ecuadorian thrush was formerly considered a subspecies of the bare-eyed thrush and named T. n. maculirostris; it is now normally considered as a separate species T. maculirostris. It has a narrower eyering and is only found in forest and woodland in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru.

Description

The spectacled thrush is 23–24 cm (9.1–9.4 in) long and weighs 60 g (2.1 oz). It is plain olive-brown above and paler brown below. The throat is brown-streaked off-white, and the lower belly is whitish. It has a prominent yellow eye ring which gives rise to its English and scientific names.

There are two poorly defined subspecies, differing mainly in the darkness of the plumage. Sexes are similar, but young birds are flecked above and spotted below, and have a thinner eye ring.

The song is a musical warble, slower and lower pitched than that of the cocoa thrush (T. fumigatus), and it also produces a cat-like queeoow call and, when uncomfortable, emits a kereel.

Ecology

The habitat of this large thrush is open woodland, forest clearings and cultivation. The bare-eyed thrush mainly feeds on or near the ground on fruit, berries and some insects and earthworms. It is a shy species, but on Trinidad and Tobago it is much tamer, and will come to feeders and take food from tables.

The nest is a lined bulky cup of twigs low in a tree. The two to three reddish-blotched deep-blue eggs are incubated by the female alone.

References

^ BirdLife International (2018). "Turdus nudigenis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22708919A132078742. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22708919A132078742.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^ Yellow-eyed Thrush, World Birds

Clement, Peter & Hathaway, Ren (2000): Thrushes. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-3940-7
ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton & Eckelberry, Don R. (1991): A guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, N.Y. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2
Hilty, Steven L. (2003): Birds of Venezuela. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5

Taxon identifiers
Turdus nudigenis	Wikidata: Q2670041 Wikispecies: Turdus nudigenis ADW: Turdus_nudigenis Avibase: F697CCD28CE8B3F8 BirdLife: 22708919 BOLD: 72035 BOW: baerob1 CoL: 59PMH eBird: baerob1 EoL: 45510227 GBIF: 2490763 iNaturalist: 12767 IRMNG: 10223612 ISC: 61009 ITIS: 563597 IUCN: 22708919 NCBI: 58212 Neotropical: baerob1 Observation.org: 76070 Open Tree of Life: 293382 Xeno-canto: Turdus-nudigenis

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