Ensiklopedia Dunia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Sydyk - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ancient Semitic religion
Part of a series on
Mesopotamian Levantine pre-Islamic Arabia Near Eastern Religions
The Levant
Adonis Anat Arsay Asherah Astarte Atargatis ʿAṯtar Azizos Baʿalat Gebal Baʿal Baʿal Berith Baʿal Ḥammon Baʿal Marqod Baʿal Ṣapon Baʿalshamem Chemosh Dagan El Eshmun Haddu Kotharat Kothar-wa-Khasis Melqart Milcom Misor Mot Nikkal Qedesh Qos Resheph Sakkun Shadrafa Shahar Shalim Shapshu Sydyk Tanit Yam Yahweh Yarikh
v t e

Deities of the ancient Near East
Ancient Egyptian Amun Anubis Apis Atum Buchis Geb Horus Isis Montu Nephthys Nut Osiris Ptah Qetesh Ra Set Shu Tefnut Thoth
Arabian Allah Aglibol Abgal al-Lat al-Qaum al-‘Uzzá Atarsamain ʿAṯtar Baalshamin Bēl Dhul Khalasa Dushara Gad Hubal Malakbel Manaf Manāt Nasr Nuha Orotalt Ruda Suwa' Theandrios Wadd Ya'uq Yaghūth Yarhibol Yatha
Eblaite Adamma Aštabil Dagan Hadabal Hadad Ḫalabatu Išḫara Kura Ninkarrak Saggar Shalash
Elamite Humban Inshushinak Ishmekarab Jabru Kiririsha Lagamar Manzat Nahhunte Narundi Napir Napirisha Pinikir Ruhurater Simut
Hurrian and Hittite Allani Aštabi Hayya Ḫepat Hutena and Hutellura Išḫara Kubaba Kumarbi Kušuḫ Lelluri Mitanni dynastic deities (Indra, Mitra, Varuna) Nabarbi Ninatta and Kulitta Nupatik Pirengir Shalash Šarruma Šauška Šimige Šuwala Takitu Tašmišu Teshub Tilla
Levantine (Canaanite and Ugaritic) Adonis Anat Arsay Asherah Ashima Astarte Atargatis ʿAṯtar Azizos Baʿal Baʿal Ḥammon Baʿal Marqod Baʿal Ṣapon Baʿalshamem Baʿalat Gebal Chemosh Dagan El Eshmun Haddu Kotharat Kothar-wa-Khasis Melqart Milcom Misor Mot Nikkal Qedesh Qos Resheph Sakkun Shadrafa Shahar Shalim Shapshu Sydyk Tanit Yam Yahweh Yarikh
Mesopotamian Adad/Ishkur Amurru An/Anu Asarluhi Ashur Aya Belet Nagar Dumuzi Enki/Ea Enlil Ereshkigal Gibil Inanna/Ishtar Ishtaran Manungal Marduk Nabu Nammu Nanaya Nisaba Shala Šumugan Nanna/Sin Nergal Ninazu Ninegal Ningal Ningishzida Ninhursag Ninisina Ninlil Ninshubur Pabilsag Papsukkal Sarpanit Sebitti Tishpak Utu/Shamash Wer Zababa
Religions of the ancient Near East
v t e

Sydyk (Συδυκ, in some manuscripts Sydek or Sedek) was the name of a deity appearing in a theogony provided by Roman-era Phoenician writer Philo of Byblos in an account preserved by Eusebius in his Praeparatio evangelica and attributed to the still earlier Sanchuniathon.^[1]

Etymology and role in the Phoenician theogeny

Philo of Byblos gave the Greek meaning of the name as Δίκαιον "Righteousness", thus indicating that the word corresponds to the Semitic root for "righteousness", √ṣdq. A Phoenician god named ṣdq is well attested epigraphically; he is also mentioned by Philo as half of a pair of deities with Misor (Μισωρ). Sydyk and Misor are described as being born from Amunos and Magos, who were in turn born from the "Wanderers" or Titans. Sydyk is described as the father of the "Dioskouroi or Kabeiroi or Korybants or Samothracians", who are credited with the invention of the ship.^[2]

The Phoenician Sydyk was equated with Roman Jupiter, and hence it has been suggested that Sydyk was connected to the worship of the planet Jupiter as the manifestation of justice or righteousness.^[3]

Some names, like the rare name ṣdqmlk (Phoenician king of Lapathus and a personal name from Carchemish Phoenician inscription), mlky ṣdq, ṣdqʾ (king of Ashkelon under Sennacherib [he] and a personal name from an inscription from Kition), might be theophories of the god Sydyk.^[4] Robert R. Cargill has also argued in favor of etymologizing Melchizedek as "my king is Sedek", suggesting that the deity was worshipped in pre-Israelite Jerusalem.^[5]

Connection to other Middle Eastern deities

A connection between Sydyk and the Mesopotamian deity Kittum has been proposed. The latter was also referred to as Ṣidqu and additionally the West Semitic name Ammi-ṣaduqa is translated into Akkadian as Kimtum-kittum showing an equivalence of meaning between the West Semitic צ־ד־ק ṣ-d-q and the Akkadian kittum.^[1] Kittu was similarly paired with the god Mīšaru, whose name is a cognate of Misor "Justice". In Mari, the equivalent deities of Išar and Mešar are found.

An Ugaritic reference to a god named Ṣaduq has also been found, a possible forerunner of Sydyk.^[6]

It has also been conjectured that a related deity named or titled "Tzedek" (i.e. "righteousness") was worshipped in pre-Israelite Jerusalem as the names of two kings of the city, Melchizedek and Adonizedek contain the element tzedek.^[1]^[6]^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c van der Toorn, K. et al., Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1996, entry Zedeq
^ Albert I. Baumgarten, The Phoenician History of Philo of Byblos: A Commentary, Brill Archive, 1981
^ "MELCHIZEDEK - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com.
^ Masson, Olivier; Sznycer, Maurice (1972). Recherches sur les Phéniciens à Chypre. Librairie Droz. p. 99.
^ Cargill, Robert R. (2019). Melchizedek, King of Sodom: How Scribes Invented the Biblical Priest-King. Oxford University Press. pp. 12–14. ISBN 978-0-19-094696-8.
^ ^a ^b Matthews, Kenneth. The New American Commentary. B&H, 2005, p. 154.
^ Peake's Commentary on the Bible (1962), passim

Ancient Semitic and Mesopotamian religion

Deities

Canaanite deities	Adonis Anat Arsay Asherah Ashima Astarte Atargatis ʿAṯtar Baʿalat Gebal Baʿal Baʿal Berit Baʿal Ḥammon Baʿal Marqod Baʿal Ṣapon Baalshamin/Baʿalshamem Chemosh Dagan El Elohim Elyon Eshmun Haddu Kothar-wa-Khasis Kotharat Melqart Milcom Misor Mot Nikkal Qedesh Qos Resheph Sakkun Shahar Shalim Shapshu Sydyk Tanit Yahweh Yam Yarikh
Mesopotamian deities	Abzu/Apsu Adad Amurru Antu Anu Anshar Ashur Bes Dumuzid Enki/Ea Enlil Ereshkigal Geshtinanna Inanna/Ishtar Ki Kingu Kishar Lahamu Lahmu Marduk Mummu Nabu Nammu Nanna/Sin Nergal Ningishzida Ninhursag Ninlil Tiamat Utu/Shamash

Mythology portal

Categories:

Hidden categories:

Etymology and role in the Phoenician theogeny

Connection to other Middle Eastern deities

See also

References