Tümen Zasagt Khan

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Tümen Zasagt Khan - Wikipedia

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Zasagt Khan
扎薩克圖汗
ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ

Khagan of the Mongols

Khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty

Reign

1558–1592

Predecessor

Darayisung Gödeng Khan

Successor

Buyan Sechen Khan

Born

1539
Outer Mongolia

Died

1592 (aged 52–53)
Outer Mongolia

Names
Tümen

Father

Darayisung Gödeng Khan

Religion

Tibetan Buddhism

Zasagt Khan (Mongolian: Засагт хаан; Chinese: 扎薩克圖汗), born Tümen (Mongolian: Түмэн; Chinese: 圖們), (1539–1592) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1558^[1] to 1592. He was the successor of Darayisung Gödeng Khan and had direct rule over the Chahar. It was during his rule that the Mongols conquered the Daur and Evenk tribes.

Tümen, who was born in 1539, was the first of three sons of Darayisung Gödeng Khan. By being recognized as Khagan, Altan validated his authority.^[2] However, coordinating Altan Khan's actions, Tümen won over Uriyangkhai and Daur Mongols.^[3] His relatives, Abtai Khan and Khutughtai Sechen Khung Taiji, brought a large portion of the Four Oirats back into the Mongol fold. In addition to his successful invasions of the Ming dynasty, Tümen conquered Koko Nur and appointed his son ruler there.

Tümen and other Mongol princes decided to adopt Tibetan Buddhism. In 1576, Tümen was converted by Ilduni Sanggiduktshi Garma Lama into Buddhism. He assembled the Six Tumens, and codified laws.^[4] He made reforms on state laws and exempted the Mongol nobles from some taxes. He compiled a new code that was supposed to be based on Yekhe Zasag of Genghis Khan. Thenceforwards he was called Jasagtu, who made peace with the Right Wing Tumens and gave their leaders official titles. He compelled the three Jurchen tribes such as Jurjis in Manchuria and Yekhe Tungusians, to pay tribute.^[5]

Zasaghtu Khan died in 1592.

References

^ Our great Qing: the Mongols, Buddhism and the state in late imperial China By Johan Elverskog, p. 68.
^ Our great Qing: the Mongols, Buddhism and the state in late imperial China By Johan Elverskog, p. 22.
^ History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast By Ahmad Hasan Dani, Chahryar Adle, Irfan Habib, Karl M. Baipakov, p. 213.
^ H.H.Howorth, History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century: Part 1, p. 378.
^ Saghan Secen, § 208

Regnal titles
Tümen Zasagt Khan House of Borjigin
Preceded by Darayisung Gödeng Khan	Khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty 1558–1592	Succeeded by Buyan Sechen Khan

Northern Yuan (1368–1635)

Political organization

List of Khans

Independent khans

Six Tumen Mongols	Four Oirat	Notable cities	Titles
Three Eastern Tumens Khalkha Chahar Uriankhai Three Western Tumens Ordos Tumed Yunshebu Tümen	Choros Torghut Khoid Dörbet Oirat	Yingchang Karakorum Hohhot	Khagan Khan Khatun Taishi Jinong Khong Tayiji Noyan Tarkhan Councellor Wang

Unified

Chahar

Ukhaantu Khan Toghun-Temur (1368–1370)
Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara (1370–1378)
Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür (1378–1388)
Jorightu Khan Yesüder (1388–1391)
Engke Khan (1391–1394)
Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan (1394–1399)
Gün Temür Khan (1399–1402)
Örüg Temür Khan Gulichi (1402–1408)
Öljei Temür Khan Bunyashiri (1403–1412)
Delbeg Khan (1411–1415)
Oyiradai Khan (1415–1425)
Adai Khan (1425–1438)
Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha (1433–1452)
Agbarjin (1453)
Esen Taishi (1453–1454)
Markörgis Khan (Ükegtü) (1454–1465)
Molon Khan (1465–1466)
Manduul Khan (1475–1479)

Dayan Khan (1480–1516)
Bars Bolud Jinong (deputy)
Bodi Alagh Khan (1516–1547)
Darayisung Gödeng Khan (1547–1557)
Tümen Jasaghtu Khan (1557–1592)
Buyan Sechen Khan (1592–1604)
Ligdan Khan (1604–1634)
Ejei Khan (1634–1635)

Tumed	Ordos	Tüsheet	Jasagtu	Sechen	Khotogoid
Altan Khan (1521–1582) Sengge Düüreng Khan (1583–1585) Namudai Sechen Khan (1586–1607) Boshugtu Khung Taiji (1608–1636)	Barsu-Bolod (d. 1521) Mergen Jinong (d. 1542) Noyandara Jinong (1543–1572) Buyan Baatur Taiji (1573–1576) Boshugtu Jinong (1577–1624) Erinchen Jinong (1624–1636)	Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588) Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?) Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655) Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)	Laikhur Khan Subandai Khan Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661) Chambun Khan (1670?–) Zenggün Shara (d. 1687)	Soloi Maqasamadi Sechen Khan (1577–1652) Baba Sechen Khan (1653–?) Sechen Khan (d. 1686)	Ubasi Khong Tayiji (c.1609–1623) Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji (1623–1652) Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji (1652–1667)

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