TAS1R3

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TAS1R3

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TAS1R3

Identifiers

Aliases

TAS1R3, T1R3, taste 1 receptor member 3

External IDs

OMIM: 605865; MGI: 1933547; HomoloGene: 12890; GeneCards: TAS1R3; OMA:TAS1R3 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)^[1]

Band	1p36.33	Start	1,331,280 bp^[1]
Band	1p36.33	End	1,335,314 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)^[2]

Band	4 E2\|4 87.65 cM	Start	155,943,725 bp^[2]
Band	4 E2\|4 87.65 cM	End	155,947,819 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

bone marrow cells

mucosa of transverse colon

spleen

tonsil

duodenum

lymph node

ganglionic eminence

muscle of thigh

sural nerve

gastrocnemius muscle

Top expressed in

ascending aorta

aortic valve

morula

granulocyte

tongue

tail of embryo

supraoptic nucleus

ganglionic eminence

esophagus

jejunum

More reference expression data

BioGPS

n/a

Gene ontology
Molecular function	G protein-coupled receptor activity signal transducer activity taste receptor activity protein heterodimerization activity sweet taste receptor activity signaling receptor activity
Cellular component	integral component of membrane plasma membrane sweet taste receptor complex membrane integral component of plasma membrane
Biological process	sensory perception of taste sensory perception of sweet taste sensory perception of umami taste detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sweet taste signal transduction response to stimulus G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


83756


83771

Ensembl


ENSG00000169962


ENSMUSG00000029072

UniProt


Q7RTX0


Q925D8

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_152228


NM_031872

RefSeq (protein)


NP_689414


NP_114078

Location (UCSC)

Chr 1: 1.33 – 1.34 Mb

Chr 4: 155.94 – 155.95 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Taste receptor type 1 member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS1R3 gene.^[5]^[6] The TAS1R3 gene encodes the human homolog of mouse Sac taste receptor, a major determinant of differences between sweet-sensitive and -insensitive mouse strains in their responsiveness to sucrose, saccharin, and other sweeteners.^[6]^[7]

Structure

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The protein encoded by the TAS1R3 gene is a G protein-coupled receptor with seven trans-membrane domains and is a component of the heterodimeric amino acid taste receptor TAS1R1+3 and sweet taste receptor TAS1R2+3. This receptor is formed as a protein dimer with either TAS1R1 or TAS1R2.^[8] Experiments have also shown that a homo-dimer of TAS1R3 is also sensitive to natural sugar substances. This has been hypothesized as the mechanism by which sugar substitutes do not have the same taste qualities as natural sugars.^[9]^[10]

APA</ref>

Ligands

[edit]

The G protein-coupled receptors for sweet and umami taste are formed by dimers of the TAS1R proteins. The TAS1R1+3 taste receptor is sensitive to the glutamate in monosodium glutamate (MSG) as well as the synergistic taste-enhancer molecules inosine monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP). These taste-enhancer molecules are unable to activate the receptor alone, but are rather used to enhance receptor responses many to L-amino acids.^[11] The TAS1R2+3 receptor has been shown to respond to natural sugars sucrose and fructose, and artificial sweeteners saccharin, acesulfame potassium, dulcin, guanidinoacetic acid.^[8]

Signal transduction

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TAS1R2 and TAS1R1 receptors have been shown to bind to G proteins, most often the gustducin Gα subunit, although a gustducin knock-out has shown small residual activity. TAS1R2 and TAS1R1 have also been shown to activate Gαo and Gαi protein subunits.^[12] This suggests that TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 are G protein-coupled receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclases to decrease cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in taste receptors.^[13] The TAS1R3 protein, however, has been shown in vitro to couple with Gα subunits at a much lower rate than the other TAS1R proteins. While the protein structures of the TAS1R proteins are similar, this experiment shows that the G protein-coupling properties of TAS1R3 may be less important in the transduction of taste signals than the TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 proteins.^[12]

Location and innervation

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TAS1R1+3 expressing cells are found in fungiform papillae at the tip and edges of the tongue and palate taste receptor cells in the roof of the mouth.^[8] These cells are shown to synapse upon the chorda tympani nerves to send their signals to the brain.^[11] TAS1R2+3 expressing cells are found in circumvallate papillae and foliate papillae near the back of the tongue and palate taste receptor cells in the roof of the mouth.^[8] These cells are shown to synapse upon the glossopharyngeal nerves to send their signals to the brain.^[14]^[15] TAS1R and TAS2R (bitter) channels are not expressed together in any taste buds.^[8]

References

[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169962 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029072 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Montmayeur JP, Liberles SD, Matsunami H, Buck LB (Apr 2001). "A candidate taste receptor gene near a sweet taste locus". Nat Neurosci. 4 (5): 492–8. doi:10.1038/87440. PMID 11319557. S2CID 21010650.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: TAS1R3 taste receptor, type 1, member 3".
^ Bachmanov AA, Li X, Reed DR, Ohmen JD, Li S, Chen Z, et al. (September 2001). "Positional cloning of the mouse saccharin preference (Sac) locus". Chemical Senses. 26 (7): 925–933. doi:10.1093/chemse/26.7.925. PMC 3644801. PMID 11555487.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Nelson G, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, Zhang Y, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS (2001). "Mammalian sweet taste receptors". Cell. 106 (3): 381–390. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00451-2. PMID 11509186. S2CID 11886074.
^ Zhao GQ, Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J, Erlenbach I, Ryba NJ, et al. (2003). "The receptors for mammalian sweet and umami taste". Cell. 115 (3): 255–266. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00844-4. PMID 14636554. S2CID 11773362.
^ Yousif RH, Wahab HA, Shameli K, Khairudin NB (March 2020). "Exploring the Molecular Interactions between Neoculin and the Human Sweet Taste Receptors through Computational Approaches" (PDF). Sains Malaysiana. 49 (3): 517–525. doi:10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-06.
^ ^a ^b Nelson G, Chandrashekar J, Hoon MA, Feng L, Zhao G, Ryba NJ, et al. (2002). "An amino-acid taste receptor". Nature. 416 (6877): 199–202. Bibcode:2002Natur.416..199N. doi:10.1038/nature726. PMID 11894099. S2CID 1730089.
^ ^a ^b Sainz E, Cavenagh MM, LopezJimenez ND, Gutierrez JC, Battey JF, Northup JK, et al. (2007). "The G-protein coupling properties of the human sweet and amino acid taste receptors". Developmental Neurobiology. 67 (7): 948–959. doi:10.1002/dneu.20403. PMID 17506496. S2CID 29736077.
^ Abaffy T, Trubey KR, Chaudhari N (2003). "Adenylyl cyclase expression and modulation of cAMP in rat taste cells". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. 284 (6): C1420–C1428. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00556.2002. PMID 12606315. S2CID 2704640.
^ Beamis JF, Shapshay SM, Setzer S, Dumon JF (1989). "Teaching models for Nd:YAG laser bronchoscopy". Chest. 95 (6): 1316–1318. doi:10.1378/chest.95.6.1316. PMID 2721271.
^ Danilova V, Hellekant G (2003). "Comparison of the responses of the chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves to taste stimuli in C57BL/6J mice". BMC Neuroscience. 4: 5–6. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-4-5. PMC 153500. PMID 12617752.

External links

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Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin-like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3
Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)
Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)
Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 GHB receptor Histamine H1 H2 H3 H4 Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 1 2 FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP Prostacyclin Thromboxane
Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Hydroxycarboxylic acids 1 2 3 Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide

B/W (1
2)
FF (1
2)
S
Y (1
2
4
5)
Neuromedin (B
U (1
2))
Neurotensin (1
2)

Other

Anaphylatoxin (C3a
C5a (1
2))
Angiotensin (1
2)
Apelin
Bombesin
- BRS3
- GRPR
- NMBR)
- Bradykinin (B1
- B2)
Chemokine
Cholecystokinin (A
B)
Endothelin
- A
- B
Formyl peptide (1
2
3)
FSH
Galanin (1
2
3)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1
2)
Ghrelin
Kisspeptin
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
MAS (1
1L
D
E
F
G
X1
X2
X3
X4)
Melanocortin (1
2
3
4
5)
MCHR (1
2)
Motilin
Opioid (Delta
Kappa
Mu
Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma)
Orexin (1
2)
Oxytocin
Prokineticin (1
2)
Prolactin-releasing peptide
Relaxin (1
2
3
4)
Somatostatin (1
2
3
4
5)
Tachykinin (1
2
3)
Thyrotropin
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Urotensin-II
Vasopressin (1A
1B
2)

Miscellaneous

Taste, bitter	TAS2R 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60 Vomeronasal receptor type 1
Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)
Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin-like

Adhesion	ADGRB Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 2 3 ADGRC Cadherin 1 2 3 ADGRE EMR 1 2 3 CD97 ADGRG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ADGRL Latrophilin 1 2 3 ELTD1
Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)
Other	Calcitonin CALCRL Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth-hormone-releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste, sweet	TAS1R 1 2 3 Vomeronasal receptor, type 2
Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA_B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)