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|
| T. M. Opera O | |
|---|---|
T. M. Opera O at age three | |
| Sire | Opera House |
| Grandsire | Sadler's Wells |
| Dam | Once Wed |
| Damsire | Blushing Groom |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | March 13, 1996 |
| Died | May 17, 2018 (aged 22) |
| Country | Japan |
| Colour | Chestnut |
| Breeder | Kineusu Bokojo |
| Owner | Masatsugu Takezono |
| Trainer | Ichizo Iwamoto |
| Jockey | Ryuji Wada |
| Record | 26: 14-6-3 |
| Earnings | 1,835,189,000 JPY[1] |
| Major wins | |
| Satsuki Sho (1999) Tenno Sho (Spring) (2000, 2001) Takarazuka Kinen (2000) Kyoto Daishoten (2000, 2001) Tenno Sho (Autumn) (2000) Japan Cup (2000) Arima Kinen (2000) | |
| Awards | |
| JRA Award for Best Three-Year-Old Colt (1999) Japanese Horse of the Year (2000) JRA Award for Best Older Male Horse (2000) Timeform rating: 128[2] | |
| Honours | |
| Japan Racing Association Hall of Fame (2004) | |
| Last updated on March 7, 2026 | |
T. M. Opera O (Japanese: テイエムオペラオー, March 13, 1996 – May 17, 2018) was a champion Japanese thoroughbred racehorse, and the world's all-time leading money earner at the time of his retirement in 2001. In 1999, he was the champion three-year-old colt in Japan after winning the Satsuki Sho (Japanese 2000 Guineas). At age four, he was the Japanese Horse of the Year and champion older horse after an undefeated season that included wins in the Tenno Sho (both spring and autumn), the Japan Cup and the Arima Kinen. T. M. Opera O was inducted into the Japan Racing Association Hall of Fame in 2004.
Background
[edit]T. M. Opera O was a chestnut horse who was bred in Japan by Kineusu Bokujo.[3] He was sired by Opera House, an outstanding British middle-distance runner who was exported to stud in Japan.[4] T. M. Opera O was out of the American-bred mare Once Wed, an unraced daughter of Blushing Groom.[5][6] He was sold as a yearling in the 1997 Hokkaido October Sale for 10,500,000(JPY) to Masatsugu Takezono.[1] The horse was trained by Ichizo Iwamoto and regularly ridden by Ryuji Wada.[7]
In 1999, T. M. Opera O became the first winner of a classic race that benefitted from a major 1992 change to the Japan Racing Association's regulations. He originally missed the standard registration deadline for entry into the Japanese Classic Races. However, the rule change meant he was able to race in them after a supplemental registration fee five times more costly than the standard fee was paid. The revision to the rules came about following significant public pressure when Oguri Cap missed his deadline for the 1988 classics.[8]
Racing career
[edit]1998: Two-year-old season
[edit]T. M. Opera O entered his debut race as the favorite, but finished second in what was his only start that season.[9] He injured his left hind leg and was unable to race again for several months.[10]
1999: Three-year-old season
[edit]At age three, he made ten starts, amassing a record of four wins, two seconds and three thirds. Early in the year he broke his maiden, then won the Yukiyanagi Sho at Hanshin over a distance of 2000m for his first stakes win. He followed this up by winning the Grade III Mainichi Hai on March 28, 1999. Despite his three-race winning streak, he was largely dismissed at odds of 11–1 in the Grade I Satsuki Sho (Japanese 2000 Guineas) on April 18. He raced near the back of the field during the early running then circled wide in deep stretch and prevailed by a neck in the final strides.[1][10]
Later that year, he finished second in the Kikuka Sho (Japanese St Leger) and third in both the Tokyo Yushun (Japanese Derby) and Arima Kinen.[1] He received the JRA Award for Best Three-Year-Old Colt.[3]
2000: Four-year-old season
[edit]As a four-year-old in 2000, T. M. Opera O was undefeated in 8 starts, including five domestic Grade I wins and one international Grade I win.[1]
He started the season on March 19 with a win in the Hanshin Daishoten at a distance of 3000m. He then won the Tenno Sho (spring) at a distance of 3200m (roughly 2 miles) before shortening up to a distance of 2200m to win the Takarazuka Kinen.[11]
After a brief layoff, T. M. Opera won the Kyoto Daishoten on October 8. On October 29, he started in the 2000m Tenno Sho (autumn) from the outside post position 13. Jockey Ryuji Wada rode him strongly from the gate and moved aggressively towards the rail to save ground around the first turn. T. M. Opera O settled in third place then swung wide as they turned into the final stretch. He battled with Meisho Doto before hitting the lead with 200m remaining, then drew away to win by 2+1⁄2 lengths. He became just the third horse to win both the spring and autumn versions of the Tenno Sho in the same year. "He has no faults", said Wada. "And mentally he's so tough I wish he’d share some of it with me."[12]
T. M. Opera O earned the seventh straight win of his four-year old campaign in the Japan Cup. He was made the heavy favorite by a crowd of 110,000 in a field that included eight horses from Japan and seven foreign entries. Stay Gold went to the early lead and set a slow pace, while T. M. Opera O settled into sixth place. T. M. Opera O started his move on the final turn and took the lead with 200m remaining. Under heavy urging, he withstood a late charge by Meisho Doto to win by a neck, with Fantastic Light a further nose behind in third.[13] The win moved T. M. Opera O past Cigar as the leading money earner of all-time with winnings of 1.26 billion yen or $11.6 million.[14]
On December 24, T. M. Opera O made his final start of the year in the Arima Kinen at Nakayama Racecourse. He raced near the back of the field down the backstretch, then slowly made up ground on the final turn. Entering the final stretch, he was still well behind and faced a wall of horses in front of him. Wada decided to wait for an opening rather than lose ground by attempting to swing wide. With just 200m remaining, he finally found a narrow gap and urged T. M. Opera to squeeze through. The horse responded with a burst and closed rapidly to prevail over Meisho Doto by a nose. "I'm relieved", said Wada. "It was a tough race. I couldn't get the position I wanted at the start and I thought I'd blown it."[15]
T. M. Opera O was the unanimous selection as the Japanese Horse of the Year and Best Older Horse.[16]
2001: Five-year-old season
[edit]
In 2001, T. M. Opera O won two of seven starts with three second-place finishes. The highlight of this year was a repeat win in the Tenno Sho (spring), in which he defeated Meisho Doto by a nose.[1][17]
On June 25, T. M. Opera O attempted to repeat in the Takarazuka Kinen but was upset by Meisho Doto. T. M. Opera O had experienced severe traffic problems before swinging wide and mounting a "spectacular" closing drive that fell short by 1+1⁄4 lengths. It was Meisho Doto's first win against T. M. Opera O in six attempts, all in Grade 1 events.[18]
After a brief layoff, T. M. Opera O returned on October 1 to race in the Kyoto Daishoten. Whilst in the race itself T. M. Opera O narrowly placed second, the first place racer Stay Gold cut off Narita Top Road in the final sprint and caused his jockey to fall. Stay Gold was consequently disqualified from the race, leading to T. M. Opera O being declared the winner. On October 28, T. M. Opera O finished second in the Tenno Sho (autumn) to Agnes Digital, with Meisho Doto in third.[19] In his next start on November 25, he finished second in the Japan Cup, just a neck short of Japanese Derby winner Jungle Pocket.[20] He made his final start in the Arima Kinen, finishing fifth.[17]
T. M. Opera O retired at the end of 2001 as the world's all-time leading money-earner. He won 1,835,189,000 yen (US$16,200,337)[a] during his career.[3]
- ^ The conversion to USD was made during T. M. Opera O's racing career and does not reflect current conversion rates
Racing statistics
[edit]Below data is based on data available on JBIS Search,[21] and netkeiba.[22]
| Date | Distance (Condition) | Race | Class | Course | Field | Odds (Favourite) |
Finish | Time | Winning (Losing) Margin |
Jockey | Winner (2nd Place) |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 – Two-year-old season | ||||||||||||
| Aug 15 | Turf 1600 m (Firm) | Two Year Old Debut | Kyoto | 12 | 1.5 (1st) | 2nd | 1:36.7 | (6 lengths) | Ryuji Wada | Classic Stage | [23] | |
| 1999 – Three-year-old season | ||||||||||||
| Jan 16 | Dirt 1400 m (Firm) | Three Year Old | Kyoto | 16 | 3.9 (2nd) | 4th | 1:28.0 | (4+1⁄2 lengths) | Ryuji Wada | Zenno Honimbo | [24] | |
| Feb 6 | Dirt 1800 m (Firm) | Three Year Old | Kyoto | 10 | 1.8 (1st) | 1st | 1:55.6 | 5 lengths | Ryuji Wada | (Himino Commander) | [25] | |
| Feb 27 | Turf 2000 m (Good) | Yukiyanagi Sho | 1 Win | Hanshin | 14 | 4.8 (2nd) | 1st | 2:05.3 | 3⁄4 length | Ryuji Wada | (Uncle Through) | [26] |
| Mar 28 | Turf 2000 m (Firm) | Mainichi Hai | GIII | Hanshin | 14 | 7.3 (3rd) | 1st | 2:04.1 | 4 lengths | Ryuji Wada | (Tagano Brian) | [27] |
| Apr 18 | Turf 2000 m (Firm) | Satsuki Sho | GI | Nakayama | 17 | 11.1 (5th) | 1st | 2:00.7 | neck | Ryuji Wada | (Osumi Bright) | [28] |
| Jun 6 | Turf 2400 m (Firm) | Tokyo Yushun | GI | Tokyo | 18 | 4.2 (3rd) | 3rd | 2:25.6 | (1+1⁄2 lengths) | Ryuji Wada | Admire Vega | [29] |
| Oct 10 | Turf 2400 m (Firm) | Kyoto Daishoten | GII | Kyoto | 10 | 5.5 (3rd) | 3rd | 2:24.4 | (3⁄4 length) | Ryuji Wada | Tsurumaru Tsuyoshi | [30] |
| Nov 7 | Turf 3000 m (Firm) | Kikuka Sho | GI | Kyoto | 15 | 3.5 (2nd) | 2nd | 3:07.7 | (neck) | Ryuji Wada | Narita Top Road | [31] |
| Dec 4 | Turf 3600 m (Firm) | Stayers Stakes | GII | Nakayama | 14 | 1.1 (1st) | 2nd | 3:46.2 | (neck) | Ryuji Wada | Painted Black | [32] |
| Dec 26 | Turf 2500 m (Firm) | Arima Kinen | GI | Nakayama | 14 | 12.0 (5th) | 3rd | 2:37.2 | (1⁄4 length) | Ryuji Wada | Grass Wonder | [33] |
| 2000 – Four-year-old season | ||||||||||||
| Feb 20 | Turf 2200 m (Firm) | Kyoto Kinen | GII | Kyoto | 11 | 1.9 (1st) | 1st | 2:13.8 | neck | Ryuji Wada | (Narita Top Road) | [34] |
| Mar 19 | Turf 3000 m (Good) | Hanshin Daishoten | GII | Hanshin | 9 | 2.0 (1st) | 1st | 3:09.4 | 2+1⁄2 lengths | Ryuji Wada | (Rascal Suzuka) | [35] |
| Apr 30 | Turf 3200 m (Firm) | Tenno Sho (Spring) | GI | Kyoto | 12 | 1.7 (1st) | 1st | 3:17.6 | 3⁄4 length | Ryuji Wada | (Rascal Suzuka) | [36] |
| Jun 25 | Turf 2200 m (Firm) | Takarazuka Kinen | GI | Hanshin | 11 | 1.9 (1st) | 1st | 2:13.8 | neck | Ryuji Wada | (Meisho Doto) | [37] |
| Oct 8 | Turf 2400 m (Firm) | Kyoto Daishoten | GII | Kyoto | 12 | 1.8 (1st) | 1st | 2:26.0 | head | Ryuji Wada | (Narita Top Road) | [38] |
| Oct 29 | Turf 2000 m (Soft) | Tenno Sho (Autumn) | GI | Tokyo | 16 | 2.4 (1st) | 1st | 1:59.9 | 2+1⁄2 lengths | Ryuji Wada | (Meisho Doto) | [39] |
| Nov 26 | Turf 2400 m (Firm) | Japan Cup | GI | Tokyo | 16 | 1.5 (1st) | 1st | 2:26.1 | neck | Ryuji Wada | (Meisho Doto) | [40] |
| Dec 24 | Turf 2500 m (Firm) | Arima Kinen | GI | Nakayama | 16 | 1.7 (1st) | 1st | 2:34.1 | nose | Ryuji Wada | (Meisho Doto) | [41] |
| 2001 – Five-year-old season | ||||||||||||
| Apr 1 | Turf 2000 m (Firm) | Sankei Osaka Hai | GII | Hanshin | 14 | 1.3 (1st) | 4th | 1:58.7 | (2 lengths) | Ryuji Wada | Toho Dream | [42] |
| Apr 29 | Turf 3200 m (Firm) | Tenno Sho (Spring) | GI | Kyoto | 12 | 2.0 (1st) | 1st | 3:16.2 | 1⁄2 length | Ryuji Wada | (Meisho Doto) | [43] |
| Jun 24 | Turf 2200 m (Firm) | Takarazuka Kinen | GI | Hanshin | 12 | 1.5 (1st) | 2nd | 2:11.9 | (1+1⁄4 lengths) | Ryuji Wada | Meisho Doto | [44] |
| Oct 7 | Turf 2400 m (Firm) | Kyoto Daishoten | GII | Kyoto | 7 | 1.4 (1st) | 1st [a] | 2:25.0 | 5 lengths | Ryuji Wada | (Suehiro Commander) | [45] |
| Oct 28 | Turf 2000 m (Soft) | Tenno Sho (Autumn) | GI | Tokyo | 13 | 2.1 (1st) | 2nd | 2:02.2 | (1 length) | Ryuji Wada | Agnes Digital | [46] |
| Nov 25 | Turf 2400 m (Firm) | Japan Cup | GI | Tokyo | 15 | 2.8 (1st) | 2nd | 2:23.8 | (neck) | Ryuji Wada | Jungle Pocket | [47] |
| Dec 23 | Turf 2500 m (Firm) | Arima Kinen | GI | Nakayama | 13 | 1.8 (1st) | 5th | 2:33.3 | (2 lengths) | Ryuji Wada | Manhattan Cafe | [48] |
Stud career and death
[edit]T. M. Opera O was retired to stud in 2002, during which he covered 98 mares. He was not considered a success and interest in him steadily declined. His most successful offspring on the flat was T. M. Yokado, winner of the Queen Sho.[6] T. M. Toppazure became his leading money earner after a successful second career as a jumper.[49]
T. M. Opera O died suddenly after suffering a heart attack at the Hakuba Bokujo, Hokkaido, on May 17, 2018.[50][51] T. M. Opera O's funeral ceremony was held on June 15, 2018 at Hakuba Bokujo together with Goshawk Ken, another horse that died three days prior to T. M. Opera O.[52]
In September 2003, the Journal of Equine Science published a research paper that centered on T. M. Opera O's heart, comparing it to other racehorses active at the time. It found that T. M. Opera O's heart had a noticeably heavier left ventricular mass than the other horses examined, and a low resting heart rate of 25 beats per minute. The authors of the article suggested T. M. Opera O's unusually large heart was responsible for reducing his resting heart rate.[53] When writing about this article, racing journalist David Ashforth attributed T. M. Opera O's success on the race track to his heart's size, drawing a parallel to similar investigations into horseracing legends Secretariat and Eclipse's hearts, which were also found to be unusually large.[54][55][56]
In popular culture
[edit]An anthropomorphized version of T. M. Opera O appears in the media franchise Umamusume: Pretty Derby,[57] portrayed as an orange-haired girl with an inflated ego and a penchant for theatrics, voiced by Sora Tokui. The character is featured in the franchise's spin-off anime Umamusume: Pretty Derby – Road to the Top together with Admire Vega and Narita Top Road.[58][59] She would later return as a major antagonist in the movie Umamusume: Pretty Derby – Beginning of a New Era, which retells the rise of Jungle Pocket and the end of Opera O's winning streak.
Pedigree
[edit]| Sire Opera House (GB) |
Sadler's Wells | Northern Dancer | Nearctic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natalma | |||
| Fairy Bridge | Bold Reason | ||
| Special | |||
| =Colorspin | =High Top (IRE) | Derring-Do (GB) | |
| Camenae (GB) | |||
| =Reprocolor (GB) | Jimmy Reppin (GB) | ||
| Blue Queen (GB) | |||
| Dam Once Wed |
Blushing Groom (FR) | Red God | *Nasrullah |
| Spring Run | |||
| Runaway Bride (GB) | =Wild Risk (FR) | ||
| =Aimee (GB) | |||
| Noura | Key to the Kingdom | Bold Ruler | |
| Key Bridge | |||
| River Guide | Drone | ||
| Blue Canoe |
In the pedigree, symbols before a horse's name mean the horse was foaled in one country but subsequently stood at stud in another
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f "T.M. Opera O(JPN)". Japanese Bloodhorse Breeders' Association. Archived from the original on 2022-07-06. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
- ^ "T. M. Opera O Form, Results and Ratings". Timeform. Retrieved 2026-03-07.
- ^ a b c "World's Leading Money Earner, T.M. Opera O, Retired". BloodHorse.com. Archived from the original on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ "Opera House | Details". Racing Post. Archived from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ a b "Pedigree of T. M. Opera O". Equineline. Archived from the original on 2025-07-09. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ a b "Opera House, the Most Successful Representative of Sadler's Wells's Blood in Japan". Blacktype-pedigree.com. 27 April 2016. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Japanese star T.M. Opera O returns Sunday". ESPN. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ 第79回 「追加登録」 [The 79th Additional Registration]. JBIS (in Japanese). 2017-10-18. Archived from the original on 2025-08-18. Retrieved 2026-01-03.
- ^ "T.M.Opera O Race Record and Form | Horse Profile". netkeiba. Archived from the original on 2023-04-17. Retrieved 2026-01-03.
- ^ a b "Japanese Stakes Results" (PDF). Thoroughbred Daily News. 1999-04-20. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-11-29. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Race Records:Lifetime Starts | T.M. Opera O(JPN) | JBIS-Search". www.jbis.jp. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Bayer, Barbara (30 October 2000). "T.M. Opera O wins Emperor's Cup". The Japan Times Online. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ Bayer, Barbara (27 November 2000). "T.M. Opera O wins Japan Cup". The Japan Times Online. Archived from the original on 2025-12-03. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ "Opera lands big pot". The Irish Times. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ Bayer, Barbara (25 December 2000). "T.M. Opera caps record year with Arima victory". The Japan Times Online. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ "Japan Cup Winner Unanimous as Country's Best Horse". BloodHorse.com. Archived from the original on 2025-12-03. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ a b "T. M. Opera O | Race Record & Form". Racing Post. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
- ^ Bayer, Barbara (25 June 2001). "Meisho Doto claims Takarazuka". The Japan Times Online. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ "American-Bred Agnes Digital Wins Japanese Grade I". BloodHorse.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Home Team Wins in Japan". BloodHorse.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "全競走成績 | 競走成績 | テイエムオペラオー". JBIS (in Japanese). Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "テイエムオペラオーの競走成績". netkeiba (in Japanese). Net Dreamers Co., Ltd. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "6R サラ系3才新馬 | 1998年8月15日". JBIS (in Japanese). 15 August 1998. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "2R サラ系4才未勝利 | 1999年1月16日". JBIS (in Japanese). 16 January 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "1R サラ系4才未勝利 | 1999年2月6日". JBIS (in Japanese). 6 February 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "9R ゆきやなぎ賞 | 1999年2月27日". JBIS (in Japanese). 27 February 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 毎日杯 | 1999年3月28日". JBIS (in Japanese). 28 March 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 皐月賞 | 1999年4月18日". JBIS (in Japanese). 18 April 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "9R 日本ダービー | 1999年6月6日". JBIS (in Japanese). 6 June 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 京都大賞典 | 1999年10月10日". JBIS (in Japanese). 10 October 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 菊花賞 | 1999年11月7日". JBIS (in Japanese). 7 November 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R ステイヤーズS | 1999年12月4日". JBIS (in Japanese). 4 December 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "9R 有馬記念 | 1999年12月26日". JBIS (in Japanese). 26 December 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 京都記念 | 2000年2月20日". JBIS (in Japanese). 20 February 2000. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 阪神大賞典 | 2000年3月19日". JBIS (in Japanese). 19 March 2000. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 天皇賞(春) | 2000年4月30日". JBIS (in Japanese). 30 April 2000. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 宝塚記念 | 2000年6月25日". JBIS (in Japanese). 25 June 2000. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 京都大賞典 | 2000年10月8日". JBIS (in Japanese). 8 October 2000. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 天皇賞(秋) | 2000年10月29日". JBIS (in Japanese). 29 October 2000. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "10R ジャパンC | 2000年11月26日". JBIS (in Japanese). 26 November 2000. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "9R 有馬記念 | 2000年12月24日". JBIS (in Japanese). 24 December 2000. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 産経大阪杯 | 2001年4月1日". JBIS (in Japanese). 1 April 2001. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 天皇賞(春) | 2001年4月29日". JBIS (in Japanese). 29 April 2001. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 宝塚記念 | 2001年6月24日". JBIS (in Japanese). 24 June 2001. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 京都大賞典 | 2001年10月7日". JBIS (in Japanese). 7 October 2001. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "11R 天皇賞(秋) | 2001年10月28日". JBIS (in Japanese). 28 October 2001. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "10R ジャパンC | 2001年11月25日". JBIS (in Japanese). 25 November 2001. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "9R 有馬記念 | 2001年12月23日". JBIS (in Japanese). 23 December 2001. Retrieved 6 March 2026.
- ^ "T.M. OPERA O (JPN) : Stallion Details Statistics and Information". www.racingandsports.com.au. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ テイエムオペラオー突然死、22歳 放牧中倒れる. Nikkan Sports (in Japanese). 21 May 2018. Archived from the original on 5 November 2022.
- ^ Takahashi, Masakazu (2018-05-20). "Former Horse of the Year T. M. Opera O dies aged 22". Racing Post. Archived from the original on 2025-11-30. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
- ^ 白馬牧場でテイエムオペラオー、ゴスホークケンの合同慰霊祭. 競走馬のふるさと案内所. 2018-06-18. Archived from the original on 2022-11-05. Retrieved 2025-09-01.
- ^ Kamiya, Kazuhiro; Ohmura, Hajime; Eto, Daisuke; Mukai, Kazutaka; Ushiya, Shigeto; Hiraga, Atsushi; Yokota, Sadao (September 2003). "Heart Size and Heart Rate Variability of the Top Earning Racehorse in Japan, T. M. Opera O". Journal of Equine Science. 14 (3): 97–100. doi:10.1294/jes.14.97. Archived from the original on 2026-01-25.
- ^ Ashforth, David (2022-09-08). Ashforth's Curiosities of Horseracing. Merlin Unwin Books. ISBN 978-1-913159-46-7.
- ^ Haun, Marianna (January 25, 2012). "The X Factor: The Heart of the Matter". HorsesOnly.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2012. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
- ^ Haun, Marianna (1996). The X Factor: What it is & how to Find it : the Relationship Between Inherited Heart Size and Racing Performance. Neenah, WI: Russell Meerdink Co. ISBN 978-0-929346-46-5.
- ^ "テイエムオペラオー". ウマ娘 プリティーダービー 公式ポータルサイト (in Japanese). Cygames. Archived from the original on 2025-07-15. Retrieved 2025-07-02.
- ^ Loo, Egan (2022-05-04). "Uma Musume Pretty Derby Franchise Gets New Streaming Anime". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 2022-05-04. Retrieved 2025-09-01.
- ^ Mateo, Alex (2024-05-13). "Uma Musume Pretty Derby Season 3 Anime's Trailer Reveals 2023 Premiere". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on 2023-10-16. Retrieved 2025-09-01.
