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One problem is, that, as I search and download new articles for my own use, I add them to Wikipedia, too. However, I add in this way only new references (as for the old ones, that I already have, I need to type them by hand, or search them specifically on Pubmed). The disadvantage to this is, that I may have NOT yet read the full article. [This shouldn't be however a serious problem. If one article does NOT fit this topic, I would delete it later, after reading it.]

Another general problem is, that one reference might belong to more than one group. I believe that the grouping of references is highly useful so I will continue it that way.

Some of the references are NOT free to general public. Fortunately, many infectious disease journals post their articles for free after 6 month or 1 year (e.g. CID, AAC, JAC, CMR). -- Discoleo 11:30, 11 January 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Check out this link and see if it should be added. http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/health_medical/article1962456.eceLan Di 23:54, 8 November 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Check out this link and see if it should be added.

In my oppinion not. If I have time, I will add links from the medical literature (reference articles and high quality reviews). I have dozen of articles on Acinetobacter. --Discoleo 10:26, 8 December 2006 (UTC)[reply]

"Gram staining ... variable, leading to delays in identification and ultimately of treatment..^[1]

Direct staining of clinical specimens has little value in infections with Acinetobacter (though NOT in general, it should be one of the first steps in any infectious disease). However, delays in initiating proper treatment are usually the fault of the doctors (both treating one and microbiologist). Acinetobacter grows very well, and there should already exist a provisional antibiogram after 48-72h. Even IF the exact species is NOT known, the microbiologist MUST aknowledge that he is dealing with a NONFERMENTER, have a provisional antibiogram and point out to the treating physician, that whatever the final identification will yield, the organism is likely to show multiple resistances, so the treating physician should broaden the spectrum and timely switch to/add new antibiotics IF the condition deteriorates. --Discoleo 10:26, 8 December 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Would this be a good reference to add? http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/ar_acinetobacter.html eveningscribe 02:36, 26 January 2007 (UTC)[reply]

That is a very good reference. Actually, every article from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is accurate, professionally written and easy to understand. In this latter respect, it is even easier to understand than the overly academic articles I have cited and therefore, I believe, it is even better suited for Wikipedia users.

-- Discoleo 18:30, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Sorry it has taken so long for me to get back to you. Do I want to add the link to "references" or to "external Links"? eveningscribe 09:06, 2 July 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Please can somebody make an article for this on the Simple English Wikipedia ([1]). Thanks.

The following were in the body of the text, but are actually references. They make it too long and there is nothing on significance of the citations. Moved to talk so can be used as references if needed. RJFJR (talk) 22:55, 5 June 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Schreckenberger PC, Daneshvar MI, Weyant RS, Hollis DG (2003). "Acinetobacter, Achromobacter, Chryseobacterium, Moraxella, and Other Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Rods". In Murray, Patrick R.; Baron, Ellen Jo; Jorgensen, James A.; Michael A. Pfaller; Robert H. Yolken (ed.). Manual of Clinical Microbiology (8th ed.). Washington DC: American Society Microbiology. pp. 749–79. ISBN 1-55581-255-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

• García-Garmendia JL, Ortiz-Leyba C, Garnacho-Montero J; et al. (2001). "Risk factors for Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial bacteremia in critically ill patients: a cohort study". Clin. Infect. Dis. 33 (7): 939–46. doi:10.1086/322584. PMID 11528563. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

• Chen CH, Young TG, Huang CC (2006). "Predictive biomarkers for drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates with bla(TEM-1), AmpC-type bla and integrase 1 genotypes". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 39 (5): 372–9. PMID 17066198. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

• Joshi SG, Litake GM, Satpute MG, Telang NV, Ghole VS, Niphadkar KB (1 September 2006). "Clinical and demographic features of infection caused by Acinetobacter species". Indian J Med Sci. 60 (9): 351–60. doi:10.4103/0019-5359.27219. PMID 16940684.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

• Robenshtok E, Paul M, Leibovici L; et al. (2006). "The significance of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia compared with Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia: risk factors and outcomes". J. Hosp. Infect. 64 (3): 282–7. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2006.06.025. PMID 16930770. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

{{Cleanup|date=January 2007}}

General, ICU

• Global / Large Area
  • Waites KB, Duffy LB, Dowzicky MJ (2006). "Antimicrobial susceptibility among pathogens collected from hospitalized patients in the United States and in vitro activity of tigecycline, a new glycylcycline antimicrobial". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50 (10): 3479–84. doi:10.1128/AAC.00210-06. PMC 1610085. PMID 17005838. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Jones ME, Draghi DC, Thornsberry C, Karlowsky JA, Sahm DF, Wenzel RP (2004). "Emerging resistance among bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit--a European and North American Surveillance study (2000-2002)". Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 3: 14. doi:10.1186/1476-0711-3-14. PMC 509280. PMID 15283864. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  • Clark NM, Patterson J, Lynch JP (2003). "Antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative organisms in the intensive care unit". Curr Opin Crit Care. 9 (5): 413–23. doi:10.1097/00075198-200310000-00012. PMID 14508155. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

• Limited Region / One Hospital
  • Bayram A, Balci I (2006). "Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in a surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital in Turkey". BMC Infect. Dis. 6: 155. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-6-155. PMC 1633736. PMID 17064415.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  • Dobrewski R, Savov E, Bernards AT; et al. (2006). "Genotypic diversity and antibiotic susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in a Bulgarian hospital". Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 12 (11): 1135–7. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01530.x. PMID 17002615. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Acinetobacter

• MDR
  • Falagas ME, Koletsi PK, Bliziotis IA (2006). "The diversity of definitions of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa". J. Med. Microbiol. 55 (Pt 12): 1619–29. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.46747-0. PMID 17108263. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Nseir S, Di Pompeo C, Cavestri B; et al. (2006). "Multiple-drug-resistant bacteria in patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Prevalence, risk factors, and outcome". Crit. Care Med. 34 (12): 2959–66. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000245666.28867.C6. PMID 17012911. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Hujer KM, Hujer AM, Hulten EA; et al. (2006). "Analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter sp. isolates from military and civilian patients treated at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50 (12): 4114–23. doi:10.1128/AAC.00778-06. PMC 1694013. PMID 17000742. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Hsueh PR, Teng LJ, Chen CY; et al. (2002). "Pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causing nosocomial infections in a university hospital, Taiwan". Emerging Infect. Dis. 8 (8): 827–32. PMC 2732518. PMID 12141969. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Mahgoub S, Ahmed J, Glatt AE (2002). "Underlying characteristics of patients harboring highly resistant Acinetobacter baumannii". Am J Infect Control. 30 (7): 386–90. doi:10.1067/mic.2002.122648. PMID 12410214. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

• Carbapenem Resistance
  • Coelho JM, Turton JF, Kaufmann ME; et al. (2006). "Occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones at multiple hospitals in London and Southeast England". J. Clin. Microbiol. 44 (10): 3623–7. doi:10.1128/JCM.00699-06. PMC 1594798. PMID 17021090. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Bogaerts P, Naas T, Wybo I; et al. (2006). "Outbreak of infection by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii producing the carbapenemase OXA-58 in Belgium". J. Clin. Microbiol. 44 (11): 4189–92. doi:10.1128/JCM.00796-06. PMC 1698292. PMID 16957031. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Jeong SH, Bae IK, Park KO; et al. (2006). "Outbreaks of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii producing carbapenemases in Korea". J. Microbiol. 44 (4): 423–31. PMID 16953178. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Cisneros JM, Rodríguez-Baño J, Fernández-Cuenca F; et al. (2005). "Risk-factors for the acquisition of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Spain: a nationwide study". Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 11 (11): 874–9. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01256.x. PMID 16216101. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Lee SO, Kim NJ, Choi SH; et al. (2004). "Risk factors for acquisition of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a case-control study". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48 (1): 224–8. doi:10.1128/AAC.48.1.224-228.2004. PMC 310160. PMID 14693543. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Erratum in: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Mar;48(3):1070.

• Cephalosporin Resistance
  • Lee K, Lim CH, Cho JH; et al. (2006). "High prevalence of ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and increase of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. in Korea: a KONSAR program in 2004". Yonsei Med. J. 47 (5): 634–45. doi:10.3349/ymj.2006.47.5.634. PMC 2687749. PMID 17066507. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Montero A, Ariza J, Corbella X; et al. (2002). "Efficacy of colistin versus beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and rifampin as monotherapy in a mouse model of pneumonia caused by multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46 (6): 1946–52. doi:10.1128/AAC.46.6.1946-1952.2002. PMC 127272. PMID 12019113. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Whoever wrote "asz−in−ée−toe–back−ter," I'm glad you have your own private language where "sz" and "ée" are common phonemes, but for those of us who speak English, we have no idea how this gobbledygook is supposed to help. -50.140.186.66 (talk) 13:58, 27 April 2013 (UTC)[reply]

I've never heard anyone pronounce it with a hard C so I changed it from "ack-in-NEET..." to the American "a-sin-EE-toe..." (example https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4j_pqe2sFRo) though I pronounce it "a-sin-eh-toe...". Jaytee00 (talk) 15:32, 23 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

I have come to this page in search of further information re: acinetobacter in biological removal of phosphorous from wastewater. I am not qualified to write on the subject but would be very happy if there was a section devoted to this use as opposed to all the medical concern. Part of this section would also address the resulting sludge as it is tracked through composting or other soil amendment production and usage.Ronstrauch61 (talk) 15:52, 18 February 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Hey everyone! There was a Pathology section and a Clinical Significance section which had a lot of repeated material between the two. I went through and merged the two sections. There were a few bits that I couldn't really fit in anywhere, so I'm leaving them here so that if someone wants to add them back they can easily find them..

• Since the start of the Iraq War, more than 700 U.S. soldiers have been infected with A. baumannii. Four civilians undergoing treatment for serious illnesses at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C., contracted A. baumannii infections and died. At Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, a U.S. military hospital in Germany, another civilian under treatment, a 63-year-old German woman contracted the same strain of A. baumannii infecting troops in the facility and also died. These infections appear to have been hospital-acquired. Based on genotyping of A. baumannii cultured from patients prior to the start of the Iraq War, the soldiers likely contracted the infections while hospitalized for treatment in Europe.

This seemed overly specific for the section on Acinetobacter Clinical Significance. If someone has a page on A. baumannii outbreaks or something, this would be great material for that!

• The ability of the pathogen to cause infection is determined by the production of virulence factors. These factors enable the pathogen to reach and colonize the site of infection, obtain nutrients from the host, evade or fight the host immune response, cause damage to the host cells and spread throughout the host – as well as from one host to another. Virulence determinants have been described as multifactorial and multidimensional involving efficient regulation of the various factors with respect to time as well as the site of secretion.(Wilson, J; Schurr, M; LeBlanc, C; Ramamurthy, R; Buchanan, K; Nickerson, C (2002). "Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity". Postgrad Med J. 78: 216–224. doi:10.1136/pmj.78.918.216.)

This is so broad that it pretty much applies to every pathogen. With that in mind, it was hard to find a place for it in clinical significance. So here it is.

That's pretty much it! Hopefully nothing in the merge was too controveresial! Happy editing! Ajpolino (talk) 04:35, 21 February 2016 (UTC)[reply]

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