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em dash in title
According to https://teknopedia.ac.id/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Special_characters An em dash is to be avoided because it's a non-common keyboard letter. More so than the en dash. Why is there an em dash in the title instead of an en dash anyway? This problem is also present in the title of the Lead-lag effect. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:A03F:5C13:2D00:6583:EFB4:37B3:BC6C (talk) 11:46, 14 July 2019 (UTC)
In engineering, the lead-lag is the transfer function of two or more variables, which is based on the ordinary differential equation. The two body equation is defined as:
where and are constants. This coupling effect is symmetrical irrespective of directionality. In assessing the "frequency" of the oscillations, amplitude and phase may be different. One frequency may lead ahead or lag behind another frequency. The lead time constant can be greater than the lag time constant producing "time lead" [or pontentiality].
Symmetrical dynamic relations make periodic input oscillations so that the output has the same phase as the input. Lead-lag effects concern two-body problems, three-body problems, and multi-body problems. A lag (or delay) and a lead (or draw) is a phase gradient.
References
- "Phase, Group, and Signal Velocity". MathPages.
- "Lead-Lag Frequency Response". MathPages.
- "Frequency Response of First-Order Lag". MathPages.
- "Lead-Lag Compensation". Experiment 4. ECE 409 Lab Manual.
See also