Tapinosteus

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Tapinosteus Temporal range: Late Devonian: Frasnian, 382.7–372.2 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	†Placodermi
Order:	†Arthrodira
Suborder:	†Brachythoraci
Clade:	†Eubrachythoraci
Clade:	†Pachyosteomorphi
Clade:	†Aspinothoracidi
Genus:	†Tapinosteus Stensiö, 1963
Species
Tapinosteus heintzi Stensiö, 1963 (type)

Tapinosteus is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Late Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period. Fossils are found from Bad Wildungen, Germany.^[1]

Phylogeny

[edit]

Tapinosteus is a basal member of the clade Aspinothoracidi, which belongs to the clade Pachyosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny of Tapinosteus:^[1]

Eubrachythoraci

Coccosteomorphi

Pachyosteomorphi

Rhachiosteus pterygiatus

Dunkleosteoidea

Eastmanosteus calliaspis

	Eastmanosteus pustulosus

	Kiangyousteus yohii

Golshanichthys asiatica

Westralichthys uwagedensis

	Dunkleosteus raveri

	Dunkleosteus terrelli

Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus

Heterostiidae

	Heterosteus ingens

	Yinosteus major

Aspinothoracidi

Tapinosteus heintzi

Bullerichthys fascidens

	Kendrickichthys cavernosus

	Bruntonichthys multidens

Dinichthys herzeri

Hadrosteus rapax

Gorgonichthys clarki

Selenosteidae

Heintzichthys gouldii

Pachyosteus bulla

Gymnotrachelus hydei

Stenosteus angustopectus

Brachyosteus dietrichi

	Melanosteus occitanus

	Rhinosteus parvulus

References

[edit]

^ ^a ^b Zhu, You-An; Zhu, Min; Wang, Jun-Qing (1 April 2016). "Redescription of Yinostius major (Arthrodira: Heterostiidae) from the Lower Devonian of China, and the interrelationships of Brachythoraci". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 176 (4): 806–834. doi:10.1111/zoj.12356. ISSN 0024-4082.

Arthrodira

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Class: "Placodermi"

Gnathostomata

- see Gnathostomata

Placodermi

see Placodermi
Arthrodira	see below↓

Arthrodira

Wuttagoonaspidae

Wuttagoonaspis
Yiminaspis

Phyllolepida

Gavinaspis
Phyllolepididae	Austrophyllolepis Cobandrahlepis Cowralepis Phyllolepis Placolepis Yurammia

Actinolepidae

Phlyctaenioidei

Dicksonosteus
Phlyctaeniidae	Aggeraspis Arctaspis Barwickosteus Cartieraspis Diadsomaspis Elegantaspis Gaspeaspis Grifftaylor Heterogaspis Huginaspis Kolpaspis Kueichowlepis Lyhoalepis Neophlyctaenius Pageauaspis Phlyctaenius Prosphymaspis Stipatosteus
Arctolepididae	Arctolepis Heintzosteus Huginaspis? Kueichowlepis?
Groenlandaspididae	Africanaspis Boomeraspis Cosmacanthus Groenlandaspis Mithakaspis Mulgaspis Tiaraspis Turrisaspis
Williamsaspididae	Elvaspis Williamsaspis

Brachythoraci

Holonematidae

Homostiidae

Angarichthys Cathlesichthys Dhanguura? Euleptaspis Euleptaspis Luetkeichthys
Migmatocephala	Antineosteus Atlantidosteus Homosteus Tityosteus

Buchanosteidae

Eubrachythoraci

- see below↓

Eubrachythoraci

Coccosteomorphi

Coccosteoidea

Coccosteidae	Belgiosteus Clarkeosteus Coccosteus Dickosteus Jiuchengia Livosteus Millerosteus Protitanichthys Watsonosteus
Panxiosteidae	Janiosteus Kimberleyichthys? Panxiosteus Plourdosteus?

Incisoscutoidea

Belosteus? Compagopiscis Cyrtosteus? Harrytoombsia? Mcnamaraspis? Parabelosteus? Torosteus Trematosteus
Camuropiscidae	Camuropiscis Fallacosteus Incisoscutum Latocamurus Rolfosteus Tubonasus

Pachyosteomorphi

Leptosteus
Rhachiosteus

Dunkleosteoidea

Dunkleosteus Eastmanosteus Golshanichthys Hussakofia Kiangyousteus Westralichthys Xiangshuiosteus?
Heterosteidae	Herasmius Heterosteus Yinostius

Aspinothoracidi

Bruntonichthys Bullerichthys Bungartius Dinichthys Dinomylostoma Erromenosteus Hadrosteus Holdenius Kendrickichthys Mylostoma Squamatognathus Tafilalichthys Tapinosteus Titanichthys
Brachydeiridae	Brachydeirus Oxyosteus Synauchenia
Selenosteidae	Alienacanthus Amazichthys Brachyosteus Braunosteus Draconichthys Enseosteus Gorgonichthys Gymnotrachelus Heintzichthys Melanosteus Microsteus Pachyosteus Paramylostoma Phymosteus Rhinosteus Selenosteus Stenosteus Walterosteus

Taxon identifiers
Tapinosteus	Wikidata: Q112325387 EoL: 47461572 GBIF: 4853082 IRMNG: 1067625 Open Tree of Life: 4143676 Paleobiology Database: 34393
Tapinosteus heintzi	Wikidata: Q112325403 GBIF: 11167084 Paleobiology Database: 421174

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