Ma	Age	Regional events	Catatumbo	Cordillera	proximal Llanos	distal Llanos	Putumayo	VSM	Environments	Maximum thickness	Petroleum geology	Notes
0.01	Holocene	Holocene volcanism Seismic activity	alluvium								Overburden
1	Pleistocene	Pleistocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 Glaciations	Guayabo	Soatá Sabana	Necesidad	Guayabo	Gigante Neiva		Alluvial to fluvial (Guayabo)	550 m (1,800 ft) (Guayabo)		^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
2.6	Pliocene	Pliocene volcanism Andean orogeny 3 GABI		Subachoque			Gigante Neiva
5.3	Messinian	Andean orogeny 3 Foreland		Marichuela			Caimán	Honda				^[3]^[5]
13.5	Langhian	Regional flooding	León	hiatus	Caja	León	Caimán		Lacustrine (León)	400 m (1,300 ft) (León)	Seal	^[4]^[6]
16.2	Burdigalian	Miocene inundations Andean orogeny 2	C1		Carbonera C1		Ospina		Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1)	850 m (2,790 ft) (Carbonera)	Reservoir	^[5]^[4]
17.3			C2		Carbonera C2				Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2)		Seal
19			C3		Carbonera C3				Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3)		Reservoir
21	Early Miocene	Pebas wetlands	C4		Carbonera C4			Barzalosa	Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4)		Seal
23	Late Oligocene	Andean orogeny 1 Foredeep	C5		Carbonera C5		Orito		Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5)		Reservoir	^[2]^[5]
25	Late Oligocene		C6		Carbonera C6		Orito		Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6)		Seal
28	Early Oligocene		C7		C7		Pepino	Gualanday	Proximal deltaic-marine (C7)		Reservoir	^[2]^[5]^[7]
32	Oligo-Eocene		C8	Usme	C8	onlap			Marine-deltaic (C8)		Seal Source	^[7]
35	Late Eocene		Mirador	Usme	Mirador				Coastal (Mirador)	240 m (790 ft) (Mirador)	Reservoir	^[4]^[8]
40	Middle Eocene			Regadera				hiatus
45	Middle Eocene
50	Early Eocene		Socha		Los Cuervos				Deltaic (Los Cuervos)	260 m (850 ft) (Los Cuervos)	Seal Source	^[4]^[8]
55	Late Paleocene	PETM 2000 ppm CO₂	Los Cuervos	Bogotá	Los Cuervos			Gualanday	Deltaic (Los Cuervos)	260 m (850 ft) (Los Cuervos)	Seal Source
60	Early Paleocene	SALMA	Barco	Guaduas	Barco		Rumiyaco	Gualanday	Fluvial (Barco)	225 m (738 ft) (Barco)	Reservoir	^[1]^[2]^[5]^[4]^[9]
65	Maastrichtian	KT extinction	Catatumbo	Guadalupe				Monserrate	Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe)	750 m (2,460 ft) (Guadalupe)	Reservoir	^[1]^[4]
72	Campanian	End of rifting	Colón-Mito Juan					Monserrate				^[4]^[10]
83	Santonian						Villeta/Güagüaquí
86	Coniacian
89	Turonian	Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event	La Luna	Chipaque	Gachetá	hiatus			Restricted marine (all)	500 m (1,600 ft) (Gachetá)	Source	^[1]^[4]^[11]
93	Cenomanian	Rift 2		Chipaque	Gachetá				Restricted marine (all)	500 m (1,600 ft) (Gachetá)	Source
100	Albian			Une	Une		Caballos		Deltaic (Une)	500 m (1,600 ft) (Une)	Reservoir	^[5]^[11]
113	Aptian		Capacho	Fómeque			Motema	Yaví	Open marine (Fómeque)	800 m (2,600 ft) (Fómeque)	Source (Fóm)	^[2]^[4]^[12]
125	Barremian	High biodiversity	Aguardiente	Paja					Shallow to open marine (Paja)	940 m (3,080 ft) (Paja)	Reservoir	^[1]
129	Hauterivian	Rift 1	Tibú- Mercedes	Las Juntas	hiatus				Deltaic (Las Juntas)	910 m (2,990 ft) (Las Juntas)	Reservoir (LJun)	^[1]
133	Valanginian		Río Negro	Cáqueza Macanal Rosablanca					Restricted marine (Macanal)	2,935 m (9,629 ft) (Macanal)	Source (Mac)	^[2]^[13]
140	Berriasian		Girón	Cáqueza Macanal Rosablanca					Restricted marine (Macanal)	2,935 m (9,629 ft) (Macanal)	Source (Mac)
145	Tithonian	Break-up of Pangea	Jordán	Arcabuco	Buenavista Batá		Saldaña		Alluvial, fluvial (Buenavista)	110 m (360 ft) (Buenavista)	"Jurassic"	^[5]^[14]
150	Early-Mid Jurassic	Passive margin 2	La Quinta	Montebel Noreán	hiatus		Saldaña		Coastal tuff (La Quinta)	100 m (330 ft) (La Quinta)		^[15]
201	Late Triassic	Passive margin 2	Mucuchachi	Montebel Noreán			Payandé					^[5]
235	Early Triassic	Pangea		hiatus							"Paleozoic"
250	Permian	Pangea
300	Late Carboniferous	Famatinian orogeny						Cerro Neiva ()				^[16]
340	Early Carboniferous	Fossil fish Romer's gap		Cuche (355-385)	Farallones ()			Cerro Neiva ()	Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche)	900 m (3,000 ft) (Cuche)
360	Late Devonian	Passive margin 1	Río Cachirí (360-419)	Cuche (355-385)	Farallones ()			Ambicá ()	Alluvial-fluvial-reef (Farallones)	2,400 m (7,900 ft) (Farallones)		^[13]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]
390	Early Devonian	High biodiversity	Floresta (387-400) El Tíbet					Ambicá ()	Shallow marine (Floresta)	600 m (2,000 ft) (Floresta)
410	Late Silurian	Silurian mystery	Floresta (387-400) El Tíbet
425	Early Silurian	Silurian mystery	hiatus
440	Late Ordovician	Rich fauna in Bolivia	San Pedro (450-490)		Duda ()
470	Early Ordovician	First fossils	San Pedro (450-490)	Busbanzá (>470±22) Chuscales Otengá	Guape ()		Río Nevado ()	Hígado () Agua Blanca Venado (470-475)				^[21]^[22]^[23]
488	Late Cambrian	Regional intrusions	Chicamocha (490-515)	Quetame ()	Ariarí ()		SJ del Guaviare (490-590)	San Isidro ()				^[24]^[25]
515	Early Cambrian	Cambrian explosion		Quetame ()				San Isidro ()				^[23]^[26]
542	Ediacaran	Break-up of Rodinia		pre-Quetame		post-Parguaza		El Barro ()	Yellow: allochthonous basement (Chibcha Terrane) Green: autochthonous basement (Río Negro-Juruena Province)		Basement	^[27]^[28]
600	Neoproterozoic	Cariri Velhos orogeny	Bucaramanga (600-1400)				pre-Guaviare					^[24]
800	Neoproterozoic	Snowball Earth										^[29]
1000	Mesoproterozoic	Sunsás orogeny			Ariarí (1000)			La Urraca (1030-1100)				^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]
1300		Rondônia-Juruá orogeny			pre-Ariarí	Parguaza (1300-1400)		Garzón (1180-1550)				^[34]
1400			pre-Bucaramanga					Garzón (1180-1550)				^[35]
1600	Paleoproterozoic					Maimachi (1500-1700)		pre-Garzón				^[36]
1800		Tapajós orogeny				Mitú (1800)						^[34]^[36]
1950		Transamazonic orogeny				pre-Mitú						^[34]
2200		Columbia
2530	Archean	Carajas-Imataca orogeny										^[34]
3100	Archean	Kenorland
Sources

See also

Sources

Notes

References

Bibliography

General

Llanos Basin

Basement

'Paleozoic'

'Jurassic'

Maps

Llanos Basin

Catatumbo Basin

Eastern Cordillera

Upper Magdalena Valley (VSM)

Caguán-Putumayo Basin