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Titanophoneus Temporal range: Guadalupian (Roadian to Wordian), 268–265 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓

Mounted skeleton of Titanophoneus potens
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Synapsida
Clade:	Therapsida
Suborder:	†Dinocephalia
Family:	†Anteosauridae
Subfamily:	†Anteosaurinae
Genus:	†Titanophoneus Efremov, 1938
Type species
†Titanophoneus potens Efremov, 1938
Species
Titanophoneus potens Efremov, 1938 Titanophoneus adamanteus Orlov, 1958
Synonyms
Doliosaurus Orlov, 1958 Doliosauriscus Orlov, 1958

Titanophoneus ("titanic murderer") is an extinct genus of carnivorous dinocephalian therapsid from the Middle Permian. It is classified within the family Anteosauridae. The type species is Titanophoneus potens.^[1] Remains of Titanophoneus have been found at Isheevo, Russia.

Description

An adult skull would have reached 80 cm with a heavy long snout. The long tail and short limbs show the species to be a primitive therapsid, unlike Inostrancevia, which was more advanced. The structure of the limbs and the density of the bone are designed for a sprawling stance. The temporal opening is more advanced than Estemmenosuchidae, but less advanced than Inostrancevia.

The teeth are large with 12 large palate incisors followed by 2 canines and various smaller back teeth. The lower palate is the same as the upper but without the canine teeth. The appearance of Titanophoneus is reminiscent to the sphenacodontid pelycosaurs, which included Dimetrodon.

Gallery

Reconstruction of a T. potens feasting on a Ulemosaurus
Reconstruction of a pair of T. potens
Fossil skeleton of a juvenile individual.
Reconstruction of T. adamanteus
Two specimens of T. potens compared to a human

References

^ Kammerer, C.F. (2011). "Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (2). doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.492645.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Thomas H. Rich (1993). The Great Russian Dinosaurs. Guntar Graphics. p. 36.

External links

Taxonomy

Dinocephalia

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Synapsida
Clade: Therapsida
Clade: Eutherapsida

Synapsida

see Synapsida
Dinocephalia	see below↓

Dinocephalia

Dinocephalia

Microurania Novocynodon? Phthinosuchus? Tappenosaurus?
Rhopalodontidae?	Phthinosaurus? Rhopalodon
Phreatosuchidae?	Phreatosaurus Phreatosuchus

Anteosauria

Admetophoneus

Anteosauridae

Archaeosyodon Microsyodon
Anteosaurinae	Anteosaurus Sinophoneus Titanophoneus
Syodontinae	Australosyodon Notosyodon Pampaphoneus Syodon

Mormosaurus Tapinocaninus
Tapinocephalinae	Criocephalosaurus Keratocephalus Moschops Riebeeckosaurus Struthiocephalus Tapinocephalus Ulemosaurus

Category

Categories:

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Description

Gallery

See also

References

External links