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Trachelidae - Wikipedia

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Trachelidae Temporal range: Neogene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Cetonana laticeps

Trachelas pacificus, male
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Trachelidae Simon, 1897^[1]
Diversity
20 genera, 271 species

Trachelidae is a family of araneomorph spiders (more recently evolved spiders with inward-pointing chelicerae) first described by Eugène Simon in 1897 as a subfamily called "Tracheleae" ("Trachelinae" in modern terminology).^[2] The Trachelidae family, also known as "ground sac spiders", is within the group of spiders known as the RTA clade, which includes mostly wandering spiders that do not use webs. Spiders in the Trachelidae family are characterized as being 3-10mm long and having a red cephalothorax and a yellow/tan abdomen. They are commonly found indoors.^[3] It was placed in the family Clubionidae, then later in Corinnidae when the Clubionidae were split up. The first study that suggested Trachelidae should be considered its own family was done by Deeleman-reinhold in 2001 as part of an analysis of RTA Clade spiders.^[4] An analysis by Martín J. Ramírez in 2014 suggested that it was not closely related to other members of the Corinnidae, and was better treated as a separate family.^[5] It was then placed in the CTC clade of spiders, or the Claw Tuft Clasper clade,^[6] which is a group of spiders that have two tarsal claws with tufts of hair.^[7]

A major synapomorphy of Trachelidae is the reduction of leg spines. Other synapomorphies of the family include no scales, no epiandrous spigot, only one major ampullate gland in females, no median apophysis, and the secondary spermatheca are the same size as the primary.^[8] Currently, there are 271 known species across 20 genera.

Genera

As of July 2021^[update], the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:^[1]

Afroceto Lyle & Haddad, 2010 – Africa
Capobula Haddad, Jin, Platnick & Booysen, 2021 – South Africa, Lesotho
Cetonana Strand, 1929 – Russia, Brazil
Fuchiba Haddad & Lyle, 2008 – Africa
Fuchibotulus Haddad & Lyle, 2008 – South Africa, Mozambique
Jocquestus Lyle & Haddad, 2018 – Africa
Meriola Banks, 1895 – South America, North America, Guatemala
Metatrachelas Bosselaers & Bosmans, 2010 – Algeria, Europe
Orthobula Simon, 1897 – Asia, Africa
Paccius Simon, 1898 – Madagascar, Seychelles
Paraceto Jin, Yin & Zhang, 2017 – China, Korea
Paratrachelas Kovblyuk & Nadolny, 2009 – Asia, Algeria, Europe
Patelloceto Lyle & Haddad, 2010 – Ethiopia
Planochelas Lyle & Haddad, 2009 – Ghana, Uganda, Ivory Coast
Poachelas Haddad & Lyle, 2008 – South Africa, Zimbabwe
Spinotrachelas Haddad, 2006 – South Africa
Thysanina Simon, 1910 – South Africa, Namibia, Tanzania
Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 – Asia, Central America, North America, Caribbean, Spain, South America, Africa
Trachelopachys Simon, 1897 – South America
Utivarachna Kishida, 1940 – Asia

References

^ ^a ^b "Family: Trachelidae Simon, 1897". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2021-07-02.
^ Simon, E. (1897). Histoire naturelle des araignées (2 ed.). Paris. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973.
^ "Family Trachelidae". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
^ Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa L. (2001). Forest Spiders of South East Asia: With a Revision of the Sac and Ground Spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae, and Trochanterriidae). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-11959-8.
^ Ramírez, Martín J. (2014). "The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 390: 331–335, 342. hdl:2246/6537. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Lyle, Robin (August 2015). "Two New Species of the Afrotropical Sac Spider Genus Afroceto Lyle & Haddad, 2010 (Araneae: Trachelidae)". African Invertebrates. 56 (2): 415–423. doi:10.5733/afin.056.0212. ISSN 1681-5556. S2CID 83664295.
^ "Dionycha", Wikipedia, 2020-10-23, retrieved 2020-11-30
^ Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andrés; Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando (2015-08-07). "Three new species of the genus Trachelas (Araneae: Trachelidae) from an oak forest inside the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot in Mexico". Zootaxa. 3999 (1): 95–110. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3999.1.6. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 26250328.

Extant Araneae families

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida

Suborder Mesothelae
Liphistiidae (segmented spiders) Heptathelidae (segmented spiders)

Suborder Opisthothelae

Mygalomorphae

Araneomorphae

Non-entelegynes

Entelegynae

Spider taxonomy
Bold are families with more than 1000 species

Taxon identifiers
Trachelidae	Wikidata: Q17295296 BOLD: 645656 BugGuide: 1017586 CoL: HBZ GBIF: 2000 iNaturalist: 416721 IRMNG: 11915007 NCBI: 1907115 Paleobiology Database: 326429 Plazi: 901A1147-0A24-985F-FF6B-FCBC4CC6B84A WSC: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0117

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