Treaty of Speyer (1570)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Treaty of Speyer, signed at the Diet of Speyer in 1570, was a peace agreement between the two Hungarian Kingdoms, Royal Hungary led by Maximilian II, and the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, ruled by John Sigismund Zápolya, which lead to the establishment of the Principality of Transylvania.

Transylvania before the Treaty of Speyer

Unlike the autonomous Kingdom of Croatia, medieval Transylvania was not a separate Land of the Holy Crown of Hungary, it was simply an administrative district,^[1] and an integral part^[2]^[3] of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.

Status of Transylvania after the treaty

John Sigismund abdicated as King of Hungary, however, Maximilian II recognized John Sigismund's authority as "Prince of Transylvania" and, in return, John Sigismund accepted Maximilian II as King of Hungary with suzerainty over his principality.^[4]

John Sigismund became princeps Transsylvaniae et partium regni Hungariae dominus – Prince of Transylvania and of a part of the Kingdom of Hungary.^[5] According to the treaty, the Principality of Transylvania continued to be part of the Kingdom of Hungary in the sense of public law, the Treaty of Speyer stressed in a highly significant way that John Sigismund's possessions belonged to the Holy Crown of Hungary and he was not permitted to alienate them.^[6]

This treaty, like the earlier Treaty of Nagyvárad, endorsed the principle of a united Hungary. Partium and Transylvania were entrusted to John Sigismund Zápolya, as a vassal of King Maximilian. As mentioned above, the Zápolyas had already held the Partium, but now the Habsburgs recognized their lordship. In a sense, John Sigismund traded his royal title for territory.

References

^ Carlile Aylmer Macartney (2008). Hungary: From Ninth Century Origins to the 1956 Uprising. Transaction Publishers. p. 23. ISBN 9780202366654. Archived from the original on 2020-05-14.
^ Felicia Rosu (2017). Elective Monarchy in Transylvania and Poland-Lithuania, 1569–1587. Oxford University Press. p. 24. ISBN 9780192506436. Archived from the original on 2020-05-14.
^ Rogers Brubaker; Margit Feischmidt; Jon Fox; Liana Grancea (2018). Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town. Princeton University Press. p. 57. ISBN 9780880334792. Archived from the original on 2020-05-14.
^ Andrew Pettegree, The Reformation World, Routledge, 2000, p. 192
^ István Keul, Early modern religious communities in East-Central Europe: ethnic diversity, denominational plurality, and corporative politics in the principality of Transylvania (1526–1691), Brill, 2009, p. 61
^ Anthony Endrey, The Holy Crown of Hungary, Hungarian Institute, 1978, p. 70

Treaties of Hungary

9–10th century (age of Magyars)

Legend of the white horse (894)

1000–1301 (Árpád dynasty)

Personal union of Hungary and Croatia (1102)
Hungarian–Byzantine Treaties (1153–1167)
Concordat of 1161
Concordat of 1169
Oath of Bereg (1233)
Treaty of Pressburg (1271)

1302–1526 (Middle ages to Tripartition)

Dual reign, Ottoman vassalship,
reconquest and Napoleonic Wars
(1526–1848)

(Royal Hungary to Independence)
Truce of Adrianople (1547) Treaty of Adrianople (1568) Treaty of Vienna (1606) Peace of Zsitvatorok (1606) Peace of Vasvár (1664) Holy League (1684) Treaty of Karlowitz (1699) Treaty of Passarowitz (1718) Pragmatic Sanction (1723) Treaty of Belgrade (1739) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) First Partition of Poland (1772) Treaty of Sistova (1791) Treaty of Campo Formio (1797) Treaty of Schönbrunn (1809) Congress of Vienna (1815)
(Principality of Transylvania)
Peace of Nikolsburg (1621) Treaty of Pressburg (1626) Treaty of Nymwegen (1679)

Austria-Hungary
to the end of World War I (1848–1922)

Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
Croatian–Hungarian Settlement (1868)
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Austria-Hungary and Japan (1869)
League of the Three Emperors (1873)
Treaty of Bern (1874)
Reichstadt Agreement (1876)
Budapest Convention of 1877 (1877)
Treaty of Berlin (1878)
Dual Alliance (1879)
Triple Alliance (1882)
Boxer Protocol (1901)
Treaty of London (1913)
Armistice of Focșani (1917)
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Ukraine (1918)
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918)
Treaty of Bucharest (1918)
Armistice of Villa Giusti (1918)
Treaty of Trianon (1920)
Armistice with Romania (1920)
Bill of dethronement (1921)
U.S.–Hungarian Peace Treaty (1921)
Covenant of the League of Nations (1922)

Modern age (1922–)

Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1922–1946)
Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–89)
Treaties of the Third Republic of Hungary (1989–)

This article related to a treaty is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Categories:

Hidden categories: