Cave of the Trois-Frères

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Cave of the Trois-Frères - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 43°1′52″N 1°12′30″E / 43.03111°N 1.20833°E

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Trois-Frères)

Cave of the Trois-Frères
History
Grotte des Trois-Frères
Entrance to the Grotte du Tuc d'Audoubert, 1912
location in France
Alternative name	Les Trois Frères
Location	Montesquieu-Avantès
Region	Ariège, southwestern France
Coordinates	43°1′52″N 1°12′30″E / 43.03111°N 1.20833°E / 43.03111; 1.20833
Type	limestone karst cave complex
Part of	Three cave-complex
Periods	late Upper Paleolithic, 13,000 BC
Cultures	Magdalenian
Associated with	Paleo Humans
Site notes
Archaeologists	Henri Breuil

The Cave of the Trois-Frères is a cave in southwestern France famous for its cave paintings. It is located in Montesquieu-Avantès, in the Ariège département. The cave is named for three brothers (French: trois frères, pronounced [tʁwɑ fʁɛʁ]), Max, Jacques, and Louis Begouën, who, along with their father Comte Henri Begouën [fr], discovered it in 1914.^[1] The drawings of the cave were made famous in the publications of the Abbé Henri Breuil. The cave art appears to date to approximately 13,000 BC.^[2]

Artwork

One of the paintings, known as "The Sorcerer", is the "most famous and enigmatic human figure" with the features of several different animals, whose exact characteristics remain a matter of debate.^[3]

Engravings featuring what appear to be several birds and a cave cricket were found on a fragment of bison bone at the junction of Trois-Frères with the Grotte d'Enlène. The cave cricket was portrayed with such fidelity that the insect's species has been determined.^[4]^{[citation needed]} It is thought to be the earliest known representation of an insect.^[5]

A variety of engraved animals are found on the cave walls, including lions, owls, and bison. Of particular note is a horse overlaid with claviform (club-like) symbols,^[6] and an apparently speared brown bear vomiting blood.^[7]

Aside from the "Sorcerer", other human-like figures can be seen at Trois-Frères, such as the man-bison, and a character known as the "small sorcerer" who appears to be playing a nose-flute.^[5] Also of interest is an etched representation of a 59 cm long phallus that follows the contours of the cave walls.^[8]

Tuc d'Audoubert

The Trois-Freres cave is part of a single cave-complex formed by the Volp River. The complex is divided into three caves: the central Trois-Freres, Enlène (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃lɛn]) to the east, and the Tuc d'Audoubert (pronounced [tyk dodubɛʁ]) to the west.

The Tuc d'Audoubert was discovered by the three teenage brothers in 1912. The galleries are situated on three levels; the River Volp flows through the lowest, the middle contains decorated galleries known as the La Salle Nuptiale (The Bridal Room) and La Galerie des Gravures (The Gallery of Engravings), while the upper has further decoration in La Chatière and Salle des Talons (Hall of Claws) and finishes in the Salle des Bisons (Hall of Bisons).^[9] In 2013 the Tracking in Caves project tested experience based reading of prehistoric footprints by specialised trackers of Ju/'hoansi San with great success.^[10]

The Salle des Bisons contains two masterfully modeled bison, which were sculpted in clay with a stone spatula-like tool and the artist's fingers. The pair are among the largest and finest surviving prehistoric sculptures.^[11]

References

^ "Young Folks Find Cave Art". The Independent Record. August 15, 1957. p. 12. Retrieved November 13, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "Trois Freres". Encyclopedia britannica. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
^ "Trois Freres Cave, Ariege: Sorcerer Rock Engraving". Visual-arts-cork com. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
^ Connell, Evan (2001). "Olduval & All That". The Aztec Treasure House. Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint. p. 37. ISBN 1-58243-162-0.
^ ^a ^b Bégouën H., 1929: À propos de l'idée de fécondité dans l'iconographie préhistorique, Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, 26, 3, pp 197–199.
^ Sieveking, A., 1979: Cave Artists (Ancient Peoples and Places)
^ Breuil H., 1930: Un dessin de la grotte des Trois frères (Montesquieu-Avantès) Ariège, Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 74e année, N. 3, 1930. pp. 261–264.
^ Bégouën E., Bégouën M., 2013a: Découverte d'un grand phallus gravé magdalénien dans la grotte des Trois-Frères (Ariège), Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française, Tome 110, numéro 1, janvier-mars 2013, p. 127–129.
^ Bégouën R., Clottes J., 1991: Portable and Wall Art in the Volp Caves, Montesquieu-Avantès (Ariège), Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 57, pp 65-79.
^ "'Tracking in caves': On the trail of pre-historic humans -- ScienceDaily". sciencedaily. Retrieved February 4, 2017.
^ Kleiner, Fred (2009). Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective, Volume 1. Cengage Learning. p. 36. ISBN 978-0495573609.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grotte des Trois-Frères.

Cave Paintings and Sculptures

Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and cave paintings

Europe

Austria	Drachenhöhle Gudenus Lurgrotte Salzofen Tischofer
Belgium	Belle-Roche Claminforge Engis Goyet Naulette Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes Ramioul Scladina Spy Trou de l'Abîme
Bosnia	Badanj Ledenjača
Bulgaria	Bacho Kiro Devetashka Kozarnika Magura Utroba Cave
Croatia	Grapčeva Krapina Vela Spila Vindija Romuald's Cave Veternica
Cyprus	Aetokremnos
Czech Republic	Amatérská Býčí skála Koněprusy Kůlna Mladeč Šipka
Finland	Wolf
France	Vézère Valley World Heritage Site Bara Bahau Bernifal Cap Blanc Castel Merle Abri Castanet Reverdit Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil Abri Audi Abri Chadourne Les Combarelles Cro-Magnon Font-de-Gaume Laugerie-Basse Laugerie-Haute La Micoque La Mouthe Pataud Abri du Poisson Lascaux La Madeleine Rouffignac Other World Heritage Sites Chauvet Other caves with decoration Arcy-sur-Cure Gargas Cosquer Cussac Fontéchevade La Chaire a Calvin La Marche Lombrives Grotte de Gabillou Marsoulas Le Mas-d'Azil Mayrières supérieure Niaux Pair-non-Pair Pech Merle Roc-aux-Sorciers Renne Trois Frères Villars Other caves Arago Aurignac Azé Balauzière Bonne-Femme Bouillon Bruniquel Calès Cauna La Chapelle-aux-Saints Combe Grenal La Ferrassie Fées Fontbrégoua Lazaret Le Moustier Noisetier La Quina Raymonden Le Regourdou Rochereil Vallonnet
Germany	Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site Bockstein Geissenklösterle Hohle Fels Hohlenstein-Stadel Sirgenstein Vogelherd Other caves Baumann's Brillenhöhle Kleine Feldhofer Lichtenstein Ofnet
Gibraltar	Devil's Tower Gorham's Vanguard
Greece	Alepotrypa Apidima Asphendou Eileithyia Franchthi Kleidi Megalakkos Petralona Stravomyti Theopetra
Hungary	Baradla Szelim
Italy	Addaura Arene Candide Balzi Rossi Cavallo Corbeddu Deer Felci Paglicci Romito Villabruna
Jersey	St Brelade
Kosovo	Bukuroshja e Fjetur
Luxembourg	Loschbur
Malta	Għar Dalam
North Macedonia	Cocev Kamen
Norway	Svarthola
Poland	Obłazowa Paradise
Portugal	Aroeira Escoural Furninha Lagar Velho Pala Pinta Pedra Furada Pego do Diabo Salemas
Romania	Coliboaia Cuciulat Muierilor Oase
Russia	Akhshtyrskaya Chertovy Vorota Denisova Ignatievka Shulgan-Tash Mezmaiskaya Okladnikov
Serbia	Hadži-Prodan's Pešturina Risovača Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica
Slovakia	Čertova pec Domica Jasovská
Slovenia	Betal Divje Babe Pekel Potok
Spain	Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site Altamira Caves in Cantabria Chufín Covalanas La Garma Hornos de la Peña Monte Castillo El Castillo Las Chimeneas Las Monedas La Pasiega El Pendo Tito Bustillo Altxerri Santimamiñe Los Aviones Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site) Araña Roca dels Moros Other World Heritage Sites Atapuerca Siega Verde Other caves with decoration Bacinete Barranc del Migdia Las Caldas Los Casares Maltravieso los Murciélagos Nerja Niño Ojo Guareña Peñas de Cabrera la Pileta Praileaitz Sidrón Other caves Ángel Antón Armintxe Axlor Bedmar dels Bous Don Gaspar Guanches El Mirón Santa Catalina del Valle
Switzerland	Bichon Wildkirchli
Ukraine	Verteba
United Kingdom	Aveline's Hole Bontnewydd Cathole Coygan Creswell Crags Gough's Heathery Burn High Pasture Kendrick's Kents Long Hole Marble Arch Oldbury Portbraddon Red Lady of Paviland Sand Thor's Windmill Hill

Asia

Afghanistan	Darra-e Kur
Armenia	Areni-1
Azerbaijan	Allar Azykh Buzeyir Damjili Tağlar Zar Gazma
Cambodia	Laang Spean
China	Baishiya Fuyan Guanyindong Luobi Tianyuan Xianren Yuchanyan Zhoukoudian Zengpiyan Zhiren
East Timor	Jerimalai Laili Lene Hara
Georgia	Satsurblia
India	Ambadevi Belum Bhimbetka Edakkal Gudiyam Pahargarh Tikla
Indonesia	Harimau Jeriji Saléh Liang Bua Pettakere
Iran	Bisitun Darband Do-Ashkaft Eshkaft-e Siahoo Huto and Kamarband Qaleh Bozi Warwasi Wezmeh Yafteh
Iraq	Hazar Merd Shanidar
Israel	Amud HaYonim Kebara Manot Misliya Nahal Me'arot Nahal Hemar Nahal Oren Qafzeh Qesem Raqefet Skhul Tabun Zuttiyeh
Japan	Kosegasawa Minatogawa Muroya Ōzakai Pinza-Abu Shiraho Saonetabaru Tobayama Yamashita
Jordan	Iraq ed-Dubb
Laos	Tham An Mah Tam Pa Ling
Lebanon	Antelias Jeita Kaukaba Ksar Akil Ras Baalbek I Ras El Kelb Nachcharini
Malaysia	Niah
Mongolia	Khoit Tsenkher
Myanmar	Padah-Lin
Pakistan	Sanghao
Palestine	Shuqba
Philippines	Callao Guyangan Kalanay Minori Lapuz Lapuz Tabon
Sri Lanka	Batadombalena Belilena Fa Hien Hunugalagala
Thailand	Pha Taem Spirit Tham Lod
Turkmenistan	Dzhebel
Turkey	Belbaşı Karain Yarımburgaz
Uzbekistan	Obi-Rakhmat Teshik-Tash
Vietnam	Con Moong Ngườm

Africa

Algeria	Gueldaman
Botswana	Tsodilo Manyana Rock Paintings
Cameroon	Shum Laka
DR Congo	Matupi
Egypt	Beasts Swimmers
Kenya	Enkapune Ya Muto Njoro River
Lesotho	Liphofung
Libya	Haua Fteah Uan Muhuggiag
Morocco	Hercules Ifri N'Ammar Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa Ifri Oudadane Jebel Irhoud Kelif el Boroud Taforalt
Mozambique	Ngalue
Namibia	Apollo 11 The White Lady
Nigeria	Rop
Somaliland	Dhambalin Dhaymoole Laas Geel
South Africa	Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site Bolt's Farm Cooper's Drimolen Gladysvale Gondolin Haasgat Kromdraai Makapansgat Malapa Minnaar's Motsetsi Plovers Lake Rising Star Sterkfontein Swartkrans Other caves Blombos Border Boomplaas Byneskranskop Cango Diepkloof Elands Bay Howieson's Poort Klasies River Melkhoutboom Nelson Bay Pinnacle Point Sibudu Stadsaal Wonderwerk
Tanzania	Kondoa Bahi Mumba
Uganda	Nyero
Zambia	Kalemba Mumbwa
Zimbabwe	Bambata

North and South America

Argentina	Cueva de las Manos
Aruba	Quadiriki
Belize	Actun Tunichil Muknal Barton Creek Midnight Terror
Brazil	Gentio Maquiné Pedra Pintada Peruaçu Rei do Mato Santo Toca da Tira Peia
Canada	Bluefish Charlie Lake
Chile	Fell Milodón
Colombia	El Abra Chiribiquete Piedras del Tunjo Sáchica Tequendama Tibitó
Cuba	Ambrosio Calero Centella Cura Patana Pluma
Curaçao	Hato
Dominican Republic	Pomier
Jamaica	Long Mile
Mexico	Chan Hol Coxcatlan Dzibilchaltún Las Flechas Frightful Guilá Naquitz Ox Bel Ha Oxtotitlán Sac Actun
Peru	Chivateros Guitarrero Pikimachay Qillqatani Toquepala T'uqu T'uquyuq
Suriname	Werehpai
United States	Arnold Research Baker Bonfire Bull Thistle Burnet Cherry Creek Colorado Millennial Danger Daugherty's Dry Creek Durango Dust Dutchess Quarry Fort Rock Franktown Gatecliff Graham Hidden Hidden Valley Hogup Humboldt La Grange Last Supper Levi LoDaisKa Lovelock Mammoth Mantle's Marmes Martz Meadowcroft Modoc Mummy On Your Knees Paisley Pendejo Pictograph Rockhouse Cliffs Russell Sandia Shoup Sisyphus Stanfield-Worley Tainter Tomaquag Trail Creek Trinchera Ventana Wilson Butte

Oceania

Australia	Abrakurrie Acheron Ballawinne Beeton Shelter Beginner's Luck Blanche Bone Burrup Cave Bay Cliefden Cloggs Devil's Lair Eagles Reach Fossil Gabarnmung Gwion Gwion Jenolan Koongine Koonalda Kutikina Mackintosh 90/1 Madjedbebe Mammoth Mannalargenna Mudgegonga Murrawijinie Murujuga Naracoorte New Guinea II Nunamira ORS 7 Tarragal Ubirr Wargata Mina Warratyi Warreen Wellington
Guam	Gadao's Mahlac Talagi
Hawaii	Makauwahi
New Caledonia	Pindai
New Zealand	Moncks Ruakuri
Northern Mariana Islands	Chugai'
Papua New Guinea	Kilu
Samoa	Falemauga
Tuvalu	Nanumanga

Categories:

Hidden categories:

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	France BnF data Israel