Turricula Temporal range: Cretaceous – Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Fossil shells of Turricula dimidiata
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Clavatulidae
Genus:	Turricula Schumacher, 1817
Type species
Turricula flammea Schumacher, 1817
Synonyms[1]
Pleurotoma (Surcula) Surcula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Turris (Surcula) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853

Turricula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.^[1]

Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It remained regarded as a subfamily of Turridae by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev).^[1] until a new publication in 2011^[2]

This genus is known in the fossil records from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary (age range: from 70.6 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found all over the world.^[3]

The turriculated shell is fusiform with a long spire. The anal sinus is situated in the infrasutural depression above the peripheral carina. The siphonal canal is long, tapering and slightly bent. The operculum has a medio-lateral nucleus. The eyes of the animal are situated at the base of the tentacles. Radula formula : 1-0-1.^[4]

The species of this marine genus occurs in the Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and east Africa to Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia).

Species within the genus Turricula include:^[3][5]

Extinct

• † Turricula dimidiata Brocchi, 1814^[10]
• † Turricula eolavinia Olsson, 1930
• † Turricula excelsa Bohm, 1926
• † Turricula hanguensis Cox, 1930
• † Turricula haydeni Cox, 1930
• † Turricula kayalensis Dey, 1961
• † Turricula promensis silistrensis Vredenburg, 1921
• † Turricula promensis Vredenburg, 1921
• † Turricula sethuramae Vredenburg, 1921
• † Turricula spuria Hedley, 1922
• † Turricula taurina Olsson, 1922
• † Turricula terryi Olsson, 1922
• † Turricula thangaensis Vredenburg, 1921

• Turricula bijubata (Reeve, 1843): synonym of Turridrupa bijubata (Reeve, 1843)
• † Turricula (Crenaturricula) bouryi Glibert, 1960: synonym of † Turricula barreti (de Boury, 1899) (unnecessary replacement name for Pleurotoma barreti de Boury, 1899)
• Turricula brunonia Dall, 1924: synonym of Veprecula brunonia (Dall, 1924)
• Turricula cadaverosa (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Vexillum cadaverosum (Reeve, 1844)
• Turricula casta H. Adams, 1872: synonym of Vexillum castum (H. Adams, 1872)
• † Turricula cruziana Olsson, 1932 accepted as † Cruziturricula cruziana (Olsson, 1932) (original combination)
• † Turricula curtata Marwick, 1926 accepted as † Marshallena curtata (Marwick, 1926)
• Turricula ensyuensis Shikama, 1977: synonym of Comitas ensyuensis (Shikama, 1977)
• † Turricula esdailei Marwick, 1926 accepted as † Tahuia esdailei (Marwick, 1926)
• † Turricula (Fusimitra) extranea (Deshayes, 1865): synonym of † Vexillum extraneum (Deshayes, 1865)
• Turricula flammea Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767)
• † Turricula gendinganensis K. Martin, 1906 accepted as Unedogemmula indica (Röding, 1798)
• Turricula granobalteatus [sic]: synonym of Turricula granobalteus (Hedley, 1922)
• Turricula hondoana Dall, 1925: synonym of Aforia circinata (Dall, 1873)
• † Turricula ilonae Báldi, 1966 accepted as † Domenginella ilonae (Báldi, 1966)
• Turricula japonica Dall, 1925 accepted as Aforia circinata (Dall, 1873)
• Turricula kamakurana (Pilsbry, 1895): synonym of Comitas kamakurana (Pilsbry, 1895)
• Turricula kuroharai Oyama, 1962: synonym of Comitas kuroharai (Oyama, 1962)
• † Turricula lamarckii (Michelotti, 1847) accepted as † Kantoria lamarckii (Michelotti, 1847) (superseded combination)
• Turricula lavinia Dall, 1919: synonym of Ptychobela lavinia (Dall, 1919)
• Turricula lavinoides Olsson, 1922: synonym of Fusiturricula lavinoides (Olsson, 1922)
• Turricula libya Dall, 1919: synonym of Tiariturris libya (Dall, 1919)
• Turricula limonensis Olsson, 1922: synonym of Fusiturricula lavinoides (Olsson, 1922)
• † Turricula mertoni (K. Martin, 1914) accepted as † Pleurofusia mertoni (K. Martin, 1914)
• Turricula modesta Pease, 1868: synonym of Vexillum gruneri (Reeve, 1844) ·
• † Turricula mordax (K. Martin, 1914) accepted as † Pleurofusia mordax (K. Martin, 1914)
• Turricula murrawolga Garrard, 1961: synonym of Comitas murrawolga (Garrard, 1961)
• † Turricula (Costellaria) paucicostata (Tate, 1889): synonym of † Austromitra lacertosa (Cernohorsky, 1970)
• † Turricula permodesta (K. Martin, 1914) accepted as † Pentagoniturricula permodesta (K. Martin, 1914)
• † Turricula planata F. W. Hutton, 1885 accepted as Austromitra planata (F. W. Hutton, 1885)
• Turricula rectilateralis (G.B. Sowerby II, 1874): synonym of Vexillum suluense (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
• Turricula scalaria (Barnard, 1958): synonym of Makiyamaia scalaria (Barnard, 1958)
• † Turricula (Costellaria) tatei Cossmann, 1899: synonym of † Austromitra ralphi (Cossmann, 1900)
• † Turricula taurina Olsson, 1922accepted as † Fusiturricula taurina (Olsson, 1922)
• Turricula tornatus [sic]: synonym of Turricula tornata (Dillwyn, 1817)
• Turricula tuberculata (Gray, 1839): synonym of Turricula nelliae spuria (Hedley, 1922)
• † Turricula waitaraensis Marwick, 1926: synonym of † Thatcheria waitaraensis (Marwick, 1926)

Further investigation needed:

• Surcula aditus Barnard, 1969
• Surcula bouvieri Jousseaume, 1898
• Surcula urnula Thiele, 1925

• Li, BQ. & Li, XZ. 2008. Report on the two subfamilies Clavatulinae and Cochlespirinae (Mollusca : Neogastropoda : Turridae) from the China seas. Zootaxa 1771: 31–42
• Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turricula (gastropod).

• Schumacher, C. F. (1817). Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés. Schultz, Copenghagen. iv + 288 pp., 22 pls
• Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853–1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
• Bouchet, P.; Kantor, Y. I.; Sysoev, A.; Puillandre, N. (2011). A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77(3): 273–308
• Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Clavatulidae
• Nomenclaturor Zoologicus info