Union Pacific 844
Union Pacific No. 844 running through Painted Rocks, Nevada on September 15, 2009
Type and origin References:[1] Power type Steam Builder American Locomotive Company (ALCO) Serial number 72791 Build date December 24, 1944 Rebuild date 1959–1960
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-8-4  • UIC 2′D2′ h2 Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Driver dia. 80 in (2,032 mm) Wheelbase Loco & tender: 98 ft 5 in (30.00 m) Length 114 ft 2+5⁄8 in (34.81 m) Width 11 ft 1+1⁄8 in (3.38 m) Height 15 ft 2 in (4.62 m) Axle load 66,622.5 lb (30,219.5 kg) Adhesive weight 266,490 lb (120,878 kg) Loco weight 486,340 lb (220,600 kg) Tender weight 421,550 lb (191,212 kg) Total weight 907,890 lb (411,812 kg) Fuel type No. 5 fuel oil, originally coal Fuel capacity 6,200 US gal (23,000 L) Water cap. 23,500 US gal (89,000 L) Fuel consumption 15–25 US gal (57–95 L) of fuel oil per mile 100–200 US gal (380–760 L) of water per mile Firebox: ​  • Grate area 100.2 sq ft (9.31 m2) (grate removed in 1945) Boiler 86 3⁄16 in (2189.2 mm) diameter 100 in (2,540 mm) (OD) Boiler pressure 300 lbf/in2 (2.07 MPa) Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 442 sq ft (41.1 m2)  • Tubes 2,204 sq ft (204.8 m2)  • Flues 1,579 sq ft (146.7 m2)  • Total surface 4,225 sq ft (392.5 m2) Superheater: ​  • Type Type A  • Heating area 1,400 sq ft (130 m2) Cylinders Two, outside Cylinder size 25 in × 32 in (635 mm × 813 mm) Valve gear Walschaerts
Performance figures Maximum speed 120 mph (190 km/h) Power output 4,850 hp (3,620 kW) Tractive effort 63,800 lbf (283.8 kN) Factor of adh. 4.18
Career Operators Union Pacific Railroad Class FEF-3 Numbers UP 844 UP 8444 Nicknames "The Living Legend" Delivered December 1944 First run December 1944 (revenue service) 1960 (excursion service) Last run 1959 (revenue service) Restored 1960 (rebuilt, but never retired) Current owner Union Pacific Railroad (Union Pacific heritage fleet) Disposition Stored in operational condition

Union Pacific 844 is a class "FEF-3" 4-8-4 "Northern" type steam locomotive owned and operated by the Union Pacific Railroad for its heritage fleet. Built in December 1944 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) of Schenectady, New York, No. 844 is one of four surviving FEF series locomotives and the only one in operation.

The locomotive operated in revenue service until 1959. It was stored while awaiting scrapping, along with the rest of the UP steam locomotive fleet. In 1960, railroad leaders recognized the benefits of having a steam program and retained No. 844 for special activities, the kernel of what has become the Union Pacific's heritage fleet.^[2] Today, it is one of UP's oldest serving locomotives^[3] and the only steam locomotive never retired by a North American Class I railroad.^[4]

In 1944, Union Pacific and the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) collaborated on the FEF-3, a class of 10 locomotives designed to pull passenger trains at 90 mph. The FEF-3 could reach and regularly run at 120 mph; one locomotive reportedly pulled a 1,000-ton passenger train at 100 mph. Union Pacific considered all FEF classes to be capable of producing between 4,000 and 5,000 drawbar horsepower.

The FEF-3 class represented the apex of dual-service steam locomotive development; funds and research were being concentrated on the development of diesel-electric locomotives. Originally designed to burn coal, they were converted to run on fuel oil in 1946. Like the earlier FEF-1 and FEF-2 classes, the FEF-3 locomotives were ultimately reassigned to freight service.

UP 844 was the last steam locomotive delivered to the Union Pacific Railroad,^[5] constructed as a member of the FEF-3 class of 4-8-4 "Northern" type locomotives. Upon its entry into service, the locomotive spent most of its career pulling a variety of passenger trains, such as the Overland Limited, Los Angeles Limited, Portland Rose and Challenger.^[6] From 1957 to 1959, UP 844 was reassigned to fast freight service in Nebraska when diesel-electric locomotives took over passenger service.

After commercial steam operations ended in 1959, 844 was retained to be kept as an experimental snow melter along with Challenger class No. 3710 while the rest of the FEF-3s were scrapped. In 1960, UP saw the potential of having a steam locomotive for public relations and excursions in a world where steam locomotives are a rare sight.^[5] As such, 844 was chosen for rebuilding and is now used on company and public excursion trains, along with hauling revenue freight trains during ferry moves.

Since 1960, No. 844 has run hundreds of thousands of miles as Union Pacific's publicity locomotive. The locomotive often pulled the annual Denver Post-sponsored Cheyenne Frontier Days train that ran round-trip from Cheyenne to Denver every July before it was discontinued in early 2019.^[7][8][9]

It appeared at Expo '74 in Spokane, Washington; the 1978 dedication of the Utah State Railroad Museum in Ogden, Utah;^[10] the 1984 World's Fair in New Orleans; and the 50th anniversary celebration of Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal in 1989, when it performed a side-by-side run with Southern Pacific 4449. On February 14, 1975, it pulled Amtrak's San Francisco Zephyr from Denver, Colorado to Cheyenne, Wyoming with a pair of EMD SDP40Fs.^[11] In 1981, it traveled to the opening of the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento, along with Union Pacific 3985, which had recently been restored to operational condition.

In 1989, 8444 was repainted into UP's Greyhound Scheme and was invited to an event to celebrate LAUPT's 50th anniversary along with Southern Pacific 4449, UP E9A No. 951, SP E9A No. 6051, and ATSF F7A No. 347c. 8444 raced 4449 down Cajon Pass on their respective trackage with 8444 winning by default as 4449 had to stop due to a roller bearing issue.

Over the weekend of October 14, 1990, No. 844 led a procession of special trains from Kansas City Union Station to Abilene, Kansas for World War II veterans to celebrate the 100th birthday of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The "Eisenhower Centennial Special" was composed of cars from the Union Pacific, Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway business fleets, with additional passenger cars provided by the Norfolk Southern and Chicago and North Western railroads. Also present in Abilene was General Eisenhower's command train, code-named "Bayonet", including the British A4 steam locomotive No. 60008 and communication and staff cars from WWII's European Theater of Operations.

After the end of the 1991 excursion season, 844 was put in the shop for a major running gear overhaul in addition to other repairs. During that time, 844 was repainted from the passenger greyhound scheme to the freight black. It emerged from the shop in 1996.

On June 21, 1997, on the way to the National Railway Historical Society (NRHS)'s annual convention in Salt Lake City, Utah, 844 and Union Pacific's Executive E units pulled 18 passenger cars on the Union Pacific's soon-to-close Tennessee Pass line, which included tracks on a narrow canyon shelf along the Arkansas River.

On June 24, 1999, while on display during RailFair '99, one of the 844's boiler tubes failed, and the locomotive was subsequently towed dead back to Cheyenne by the recently overhauled No. 3985. The tube was found to have been made of the wrong material during the overhaul in 1996, a discovery that prompted the replacement of the firebox in a complete overhaul that lasted from September 2001 to 2004. On September 9, 2004, the UP steam crew successfully test-fired the 4-8-4. It returned to operating service on November 10, 2004.

On May 18–19, 2007, No. 844 teamed with Southern Pacific 4449 to pull the "Puget Sound Excursion", a round trip from Tacoma to Everett on BNSF Railway tracks.

On June 25 and 26, 2010, it made an excursion trip to Milliken, Colorado's centennial celebration.

In September 2012, the No. 844 locomotive was used in "UP 150", a celebration of Union Pacific's 150th-anniversary celebration, hosted by the California State Railroad Museum (CSRM).^[12] During that time, No. 844's tender derailed on a tightly-curved track from the Union Pacific's Martinez Subdivision to the CSRM.^[13] The tender was rerailed at 7:30 p.m.^[13]

In June 2013, the locomotive's gyrating Mars Light, installed in 1946, was removed because its mounting bolts had deteriorated. It was also announced that year that the 844 and 3985 would eventually be joined by a third steam locomotive: Big Boy No. 4014.^[14]

After the 2013 season, the locomotive was taken out of service for boiler work required by a change in the water treatment. It spent 2014 in Cheyenne, then received an early 15-year inspection the following year.

On June 16 and 17, 2016, the 844 was test-fired. On July 12, 2016, the Union Pacific Steam Team took the locomotive on a "break-in run" as a sort of all-systems check and dress rehearsal for its return to service. The run was described as a complete success.^[15] On July 23, 2016, it pulled the annual Cheyenne Frontiers Day excursion.

On October 13, 2016, the Union Pacific Steam Team started its 18-day "Trek To Tennessee" journey: the restored 844's first major trip.

In April 2017, No. 844 made its first run on the Oregon Short Line Railroad to celebrate the 92nd anniversary of the Boise Union Pacific Depot. Because of heavy snows and a wet spring, the trip was cut short and the engine had to run light across the Malad River because of a washed-out bridge.

In December 2018, Union Pacific requested Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) waivers to exempt UP Nos. 844, 3985, and 4014 from federal Positive Train Control (PTC) requirements;^[16] in February 2019, the FRA officials responded that such waivers were not needed.^[17]

On May 4, 2019, No. 844 participated in the inaugural run of the newly restored Big Boy No. 4014. The train departed the historic Cheyenne Depot following a christening ceremony for No. 4014.^[18] The two locomotives arrived at the Ogden Union Station on May 9 for the city's Heritage Festival.^[19][20] The two locomotives were on display at the station until May 12, when the return trip to Cheyenne began. They arrived at Cheyenne on May 19, concluding the first run of No. 4014 in excursion service.^[20]

Since January 2020, Nos. 844 and 4014 are the only two operational UP steam locomotives left on the active roster, following the retirement of No. 3985 from excursion service due to its poor mechanical condition.^[21][22][a] However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, UP cancelled all of its 2020 steam excursions and stated that Nos. 844 and 4014 would not operate for the 2020 operating season. UP eventually resumed excursion operations with No. 4014 beginning in August 2021. No future excursions have thus far been scheduled for No. 844 since 2019 and the locomotive hasn't been fired up since then, although it is confirmed the locomotive is maintained to keep it in operational condition.

From 1962 to 1989, the locomotive was numbered UP 8444 because the railroad had given the number 844 to an EMD GP30 locomotive. After the GP30 was retired from active service in June 1989, No. 8444 was renumbered back to 844.^[25] That GP30 is now owned by Nevada State Railroad Museum in Boulder City, Nevada, and operates periodically at the Nevada State Railroad Museum Boulder City on excursion runs. There is now an EMD SD70ACe on the UP roster numbered 8444.

On July 21, 2018, while pulling the Cheyenne Frontier Days Special to Denver, Colorado, No. 844 struck and killed a pedestrian in Henderson, Colorado. The pedestrian was standing too close to the track photographing the train as she was hit. The train was stopped immediately following the accident.^[26][27]

UP 844 was documented in the 1981 film "Eighty Four Forty Four" by the Union Pacific Railroad. Some of those clips would be later used for the opening and closing credits of the PBS show Shining Time Station, which ran from 1989 until 1995 (including the four hour-long Family Specials).^[28][29]

UP 844 also appears in Extreme Trains in the episode "Steam Train", in which it pulled the Frontier Days special from Denver to Cheyenne.^[30]

UP 844 also makes an appearance in the 2nd Episode of the 3rd Season on the TLC TV series, Mostly True Stories?: Urban Legends Revealed.

In the 1990 PBS special Ghost Trains of the Old West, UP 8444, as it was numbered at the time of filming, is seen pulling a Union Pacific diesel locomotive and passenger train through Wyoming.

UP 844 (and several other restored steam locomotives) appear in the music video with the Pat Metheny Group's "Last Train Home".

The 2014 short film "Locomotive Song"^[31] features UP 844—particularly its running gear—accompanied by the song of the same name by boogie-woogie pianist Honey Piazza.^[32]

• 
  UP 844 hauling the Pony Express in 1949
• 
  UP Nos. 844 (as UP 8444) and 3985 running through Donner Pass in April 1981
• 
  UP 844 with SP 4449 on the Puget Sound Steam Special in 2007
• 
  UP 844 leads the now-discontinued Cheyenne Frontier Days Special near Platteville, Colorado in 2007
• 
  UP 844 traveling through Cajon Pass in November 2011
• 
  Union Pacific FEF-3 No. 844 running eastbound in California after departing Sacramento on October 4, 2012
• 
  UP 844 running through Kansas City, Kansas on October 15, 2016
• 
  UP 844 (right) and UP 4014 on display in Ogden, Utah in May 2019

• Bush, John E. (2013). Building Union Pacific 844: The Birth of the FEF-3 Steam Class (1st ed.). South Platte Press. ISBN 978-0-942035-98-8.
• Kindig, Richard H.; Hill, Ronald C. (1978). Union Pacific 8444 (1st ed.). Colorado Railroad Historical Foundation. ISBN 978-0918654281.

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