Ulmus × hollandica 'Groeneveld'

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Ulmus × hollandica 'Groeneveld'

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ulmus × hollandica 'Groeneveld'
'Groeneveld' Stanmer Park, Brighton, UK
Hybrid parentage	U. × hollandica × U. minor
Cultivar	'Groeneveld'
Origin	Netherlands

The Dutch hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Groeneveld' was cloned in 1949 at the De Dorschkamp Institute, Wageningen, and released in 1963 in response to the earlier, less virulent form of Dutch elm disease that afflicted Europe shortly after the First World War.^[1]^[2] The cultivar was derived from a crossing of Dutch clones '49',^[3] (originally believed to be an English Wych Elm Ulmus glabra but later identified as another example of Ulmus × hollandica) and '1', a Field Elm Ulmus minor found in central France and marketed by the Barbier nursery in Orléans.^[4]

Description

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The tree is slow growing, and produces a dense, upswept growth which initially made it popular as a street tree in the Netherlands.^[5] The dark-green obovate leaves are < 9 cm long by 4 cm broad, arranged in clusters on short branchlets.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Pests and diseases

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'Groeneveld' has good resistance to Coral-spot fungus Nectria cinnabarina, and Black Spot [3]. However, like all the other Dutch hybrids released before 1989, it proved to have only marginal resistance, rated 3 out of 5 ^[9] to the later, virulent form of Dutch elm disease and consequently planting is no longer recommended where the disease is prevalent.^[4]^[10]

Cultivation

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'Groeneveld' was also introduced elsewhere in Europe, including Britain, in small numbers. The tree was briefly propagated and marketed in the UK by the Hillier & Sons nursery, Winchester, Hampshire from 1975 to 1977, during which time 29 were sold.^[11]^[12] The tree was planted in trials [4] in Canberra, Australia started in 1988, but has not shown promise in that environment so far; it has however proved popular in New Zealand. There are several specimens in American arboreta (see under Accessions).

'Groeneveld' (centre), Voltaplein, Amsterdam (2020)^[13]

Notable trees

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The TROBI Champion tree in the UK is at Stanmer Park, near Brighton, East Sussex, measuring 18 m high by 53 cm d.b.h. in 2002^[14]

Etymology

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'Groeneveld' translates as 'green field', and was named for the eponymous de Dorschkamp trial site at Wageningen.

Hybrid cultivars

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FL 522: derived from a crossing with the Chinese species Ulmus chenmoui by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante in Florence; it has not been released to commerce.

Accessions

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North America

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Holden Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 70–127
Morton Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 76–72, 29–2007 (graft).

Europe

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Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm Collection [5], UK champion: Stanmer Park, 18 m high, 53 cm d.b.h. in 2002.^[15]
Grange Farm Arboretum [6], Sutton St. James, Spalding, Lincs., UK. Acc. no. 830.
Royal Botanic Garden Wakehurst Place, UK. Acc. no. 1975–6125
Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Romsey, UK. Acc. no. 1977.6442
Wijdemeren City Council Netherlands. Elm Arboretum; Zuidsingel circa 1985 and Strandje Wijde Blik 2019 Kortenhoef; ‘s-Gravelandsevaartweg, Loosdrecht: ten trees planted 2018. 9 trees planted 2018 Nedervecht, Nederhorst den Berg.

Nurseries

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Europe

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Bellwood Trees, Meigle, Perthshire, Scotland, UK. [7]
De Reebock [8], Zwalm, Belgium.
Noordplant [9], Glimmen, Netherlands.
Westerveld Boomkwekerij [10], Opheusden, Netherlands.

Oceania

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Productive Trees Ltd. [11], Paeroa, Waikato, New Zealand.

References

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^ Burdekin, D.A.; Rushforth, K.D. (November 1996). "Elms resistant to Dutch elm disease" (PDF). Arboriculture Research Note. 2/96. Revised by J.F. Webber: 1–9. ISSN 1362-5128. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
^ Santamour, Frank S.; Bentz, Susan E. (May 1995). "Updated Checklist of Elm (Ulmus) Cultivars for use in North America". Journal of Arboriculture. 21 (3): 122–131. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
^ Trial elm 'Clone 49', WAG.1846749 bioportal.naturalis.nl
^ ^a ^b Heybroek, H.M. (15 March 1964). "De iep 'Groeneveld'" [The Groeneveld elm]. Plant Disease Reporter. 48 (3). Translated by Holmes, F.W.: 187–189. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
^ White, J. & More, D. (2002). Trees of Britain & Northern Europe. Cassell's, London.
^ "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1846627". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled 'Baarn, trial elm no.296', 1962 = 'Groeneveld' (Heybroek); "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1846630". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Samarae specimen. Sheet labelled 'Baarn, trial elm no.296', 1962
^ noordplant.nl, 'Groeneveld' leaves, Amsterdam
^ Photographs of 'Groeneveld' elm [1] and samarae [2]
^ Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij. ISBN 9789050112819
^ Heybroek, H.M. (1993). "The Dutch Elm Breeding Program". In Sticklen, Mariam B.; Sherald, James L. (eds.). Dutch Elm Disease Research. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag. pp. 16–25. ISBN 978-1-4615-6874-2. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
^ Hillier & Sons (1977). Catalogue of Trees & Shrubs. Hillier, Ampfield, UK.
^ Hillier & Sons Sales inventory 1962 to 1977 (unpublished).
^ Photographs of 'Groeneveld', noordplant.nl/beeldbank/ulmus-hollandica-groeneveld
^ Johnson, O. (2011). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland, 169. Kew Publishing, Kew, London. ISBN 9781842464526.
^ Johnson, O. (2003). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Whittet Press, ISBN 9781873580615

Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars

Species, varieties and subspecies

Disputed species, varieties and subspecies

Hybrids

Species cultivars

American elm	American Liberty Ascendens Augustine Aurea Beaverlodge Beebe's Weeping Brandon Burgoyne JFS Prince II College Columnaris Creole Queen Deadfree Delaware Exhibition Fiorei Flick's Spreader Folia Aurea Variegata Great Plains Hines Incisa Independence Iowa State Jackson Jefferson Kimley Klehmii L'Assomption Lake City Lewis & Clark Littleford Maine Markham Miller Park Minneapolis Park Moline Morden New Harmony Nigricans Patmore Pendula Penn Treaty Princeton Pyramidata Queen City Sheyenne Skinner Upright St. Croix Star Valley Forge Variegata Vase Washington
Cedar elm	Brazos Rim
Chinese elm	A-1 A. Ross Central Park Blizzard BSNUPF Burgundy Burnley Select Catlin Chessins Churchyard Cork Bark D. B. Cole Drake Dynasty Ed Wood Elsmo Emer I Emer II Emerald Prairie Frosty Garden City Clone Geisha Glory Golden Rey Hallelujah Hokkaido Jade Empress King's Choice Littleleaf Lois Hole Matthew Milliken Nire-keyaki Ohio Orange Ribbon Pathfinder Pendens Prairie Shade Prince Richard Red Fall Sabamiki Sagei Seiju Select 380 Sempervirens Small Frye State Fair Stone's Dwarf Taiwan The Thinker Todd True Green UPMTF Ware's Yarralumla Yatsubusa Zettler Ulmus parvifolia f. lanceolata
European white elm	Aureovariegata Colorans Helena Ornata Pendula Punctata Urticifolia
Field elm	Ademuz Albo-Dentata Amplifolia Argenteo-Variegata Atinia Atinia Pyramidalis Atinia Variegata Bea Schwarz Biltii Christine Buisman Concavaefolia Coritana Cretensis Cucullata Cucullata Variegata Dehesa de Amaniel Dehesa de la Villa Dicksonii Dijkwel Erecta Folia Alba-Punctata Glandulosa Goodyeri Hoersholmiensis Holmstruph Hunnybunii Hunnybunii pseudo-Stricta Laciniata Lanuginosa Majadahonda Microphylla Pendula Microphylla Purpurea Microphylla Rubra Monumentalis Pendula Picturata Plotii Propendens Punctata Purpurascens Purpurea Retiro Reverti Rugosa Rueppellii Sarniensis Schuurhoek Silvery Gem Sowerbyi Stricta Suberosa Umbraculifera Gracilis Umbraculifera Viminalis Viminalis Aurea Viminalis Betulaefolia Viminalis Gracilis Viminalis Incisa Viminalis Marginata Viminalis Pendula Viminalis Pulverulenta Viminalis Stricta Virgata Webbiana
Japanese elm	Discovery Freedom Jacan JFS-Bieberich Mitsui Centennial Prospector Reperta Reseda Thomson Validation
Siberian elm	Ansaloni Aurea Aurescens Chinkota Dropmore Dwarf Weeper Green King Hansen Harbin Manchu Mauro Mr. Buzz Park Royal Pendula Pinnato-ramosa Poort Bulten Puszta Pyramidalis Fiorei Zhonghua Jinye
Winged elm	Lace Parasol
Wych elm	Albo-Variegata Australis Camperdownii Cebennensis Concavaefolia Cornuta Corylifolia Purpurea Corylifolia Fastigiata Macrophylla Fastigiata Stricta Fastigiata Variegata Firma Flava Gigantea Gittisham Grandidentata Holgeri Horizontalis Insularis Latifolia Latifolia Aurea Latifolia Aureo-Variegata Latifolia Nigricans Luteo Variegata Lutescens Macrophylla Maculata Minor Nana Nigra Nitida Oblongata Pendula Macrophylla Pendula Variegata Pyrenaica Spectabilis Superba Tomentosa

Hybrid cultivars

Androssowii Amsterdam Arno Cathedral Clusius Columella Den Haag Dodoens Escaillard Fiorente Frontier Fuente Umbria Homestead Karagatch Lobel Morfeo Morton Morton Glossy Morton Plainsman Morton Red Tip Morton Stalwart Nanguen New Horizon Patriot Plantyn Plinio Rebella Rebona Recerta Regal Repura Revera San Zanobi Sapporo Autumn Gold Sapporo Gold 2 Stavast Toledo Urban Wanoux Wingham
Dutch elm	Alba Angustifolia Balder Belgica Blandford Canadian Giant Cicestria Cinerea Commelin Dampieri Dauvessei Daveyi Dovaei Dumont Elegantissima Eleganto-Variegata Etrusca Fastigiata Fjerrestad Folia Rhomboidea Freja Fulva Gaujardii Groeneveld Haarlemensis Klemmer Loke Macrophylla Aurea Major Microphylla Modiolina Muscaviensis Odin Pioneer Pitteurs Serpentina Smithii Superba Tricolor Tyr Vegeta Viminalis Viscosa Wentworthii Pendula Wredei Ypreau
U. × intermedia	Coolshade Fremont Improved Coolshade Lincoln Rosehill Willis

Unconfirmed derivation cultivars

Fossil elms

U. okanaganensis

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