Violaceous euphonia

Technopedia Center

Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education

Violaceous euphonia - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Violaceous euphonia

Male

Female
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Fringillidae
Subfamily:	Euphoniinae
Genus:	Euphonia
Species:	E. violacea
Binomial name
*Euphonia violacea* (Linnaeus, 1758)

Synonyms
Fringilla violacea Linnaeus, 1758 Tanagra violacea Linnaeus, 1766

The violaceous euphonia (Euphonia violacea) is a small passerine bird in the true finch family Fringillidae. It is widely distributed in eastern South America.

Taxonomy

The violaceous euphonia was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae based on a specimen in the collection of Adolf Frederick of Sweden. He placed it with the finches in the genus Fringilla and coined the binomial name Fringilla violacea.^[2] The specific epithet is from Latin violaceus meaning "violet-coloured".^[3] Linnaeus specified the type locality as Calidis regionibus ("hot countries") but in 1902 Hans von Berlepsch and Ernst Hartert designated the locality as Suriname.^[4]^[5] The violaceous euphonia is now one of 25 Neotropical species placed in the genus Euphonia that was introduced in 1806 by the French zoologist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest.^[6]

Three subspecies are recognised:^[6]

E. v. rodwayi (Penard, TE, 1919) – Venezuela and Trinidad
E. v. violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) – the Guianas and north Brazil
E. v. aurantiicollis Bertoni, AW, 1901 – east Brazil to north Paraguay and northeast Argentina

Description

Adult violaceous euphonias are 11.4 cm long and weigh 14 g. The male has glossy blue-black upperparts and a deep golden yellow forehead and underparts. The female and immature are olive green above and greenish yellow below.

Distribution and habitat

It is a resident breeder from Trinidad, Tobago and eastern Venezuela south to Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. The bird's range in northern Brazil is the lower portion of the Amazon Basin and the adjacent Tocantins River drainage, with its northwestern limits from Brazil and the Guyanas, the eastern banks of the Orinoco River drainage in central Venezuela.

It occurs in forests, second growth and plantations of cocoa and citrus fruit. The ball nest is built on a bank, tree stump or cavity and the normal clutch is four, sometimes three, red-blotched white eggs, which are incubated by the female.

Behaviour

These are social birds which eat mainly small fruit and only rarely take insects. The fruits are mostly mistletoes, epiphytic cacti and Cecropia fruit which are suited for them because of their simple digestive tract. Along with insects, it has been seen to consume terrestrial snails in Brazil.^[7] The violaceous euphonia's song is a varied mix of musical notes, squeaks, chattering and imitation.

Members of the genus Euphonia are prized as cage birds and several are threatened by trapping, but this species benefits from its relatively inaccessible habitat.

References

^ BirdLife International (2016). "Euphonia violacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22722721A94780287. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22722721A94780287.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 182.
^ Jobling, James A. "violacea". The Key to Scientific Names. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
^ Berlepsch, Hans von; Hartert, Ernst (1902). "On the birds of the Orinoco region". Novitates Zoologicae. 9: 1–135 [18].
^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 344.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Finches, euphonias". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
^ "Euphonia violacea (Violaceous Euphonia)" (PDF). Sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved 10 April 2022.

Bibliography

ffrench, Richard (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd ed.). Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
Hilty, Steven L (2003). Birds of Venezuela. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.

External links

Violaceous euphonia videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Stamps^[usurped] (for Trinidad and Tobago) with range map
Violaceous euphonia photo gallery VIREO Photo-High Res

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euphonia violacea.

Taxon identifiers
Euphonia violacea	Wikidata: Q1051007 Wikispecies: Euphonia violacea ADW: Euphonia_violacea Avibase: 94AF0857F0FBA7D2 BirdLife: 22722721 BOLD: 71930 BOW: vioeup1 CoL: 3CMPT eBird: vioeup1 EoL: 45513416 GBIF: 2487970 iNaturalist: 9290 IRMNG: 11369547 ITIS: 560033 IUCN: 22722721 NCBI: 1105364 Neotropical: vioeup1 Observation.org: 78787 Open Tree of Life: 699786 Xeno-canto: Euphonia-violacea

Categories:

Hidden categories: