Attari–Wagah border ceremony
Wagah border, Pakistan side
The ceremony takes place on the border between Attari, India and Wagah, Pakistan but technically it is on Hardo Rattan land as Attari village ends 3 km before the Border although it is the last railway station of India.[1]
Genre	Military display
Dates	Every day
Location(s)	India-Pakistan border, more specifically, Hardo Rattan, and Wagah
Coordinates	31°36′17″N 74°34′23″E / 31.60464°N 74.57310°E / 31.60464; 74.57310
Years active	Since 1959 (65 years ago) (1959)
Founded	Border Security Force and Pakistan Rangers
Founders	Major General Mohinder Singh Chopra and Brigadier Nazir Ahmed

The ceremony at the Attari–Wagah border is a daily ceremony that the security forces of India (Border Security Force) and Pakistan (Pakistan Rangers) have jointly followed since 1959.^[2] The drill is characterized by elaborate and rapid dance-like manoeuvres and raising legs as high as possible, which have been described as "colourful".^[2] It is symbolic of the brotherhood as well as the rivalry that these two nations share.^[3] The border troops exchange sweets with the opposing side during the Muslim holidays of Eid and Hindu holiday of Diwali.^[4] This popular ceremony attracts the international tourists and even celebrities.^[3]

The flag lowering ceremony at the village of Wagah is held each evening immediately before sunset.^[5] The ceremony begins with battle calls from both sides in the form of loud screaming done by the border guards. This is followed by a series of organized high kicks, stomps, and dance moves during which the opposing forces stare each other down.^[3] The event ends with a handshake of good faith being exchanged by the head guards along with the lowering of the flags.^[3] The crowd cheers and claps enthusiastically through it all.^[3]

It has been a peaceful gathering with the exception of the 2014 Wagah border suicide attack claimed by 3 outlawed rival Islamist groups^[6][7] in which 60 people were killed and over 110 people were left injured.^[4] It has also been cancelled on occasion such as when Pakistan returned Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman back to India after his plane was shot down by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) during the 2019 India-Pakistan standoff.^[8]

Similar India-Pakistan border ceremonies are also organised at several other places, such as the Mahavir/Sadqi border near Fazilka in Punjab, the Hussainiwala/Ganda Singh Wala border near Firozpur in Punjab, and Munabao–Khokhrapar border ceremony in Barmer district in Rajasthan.^[9] India's border with other nations, such as Bangladesh and China, also has similar ceremonies.

It was founded by Brigadier (later Major General) Mohinder Singh Chopra and Brigadier Nazir Ahmed on 11 October 1947. It was marked by three drums, a chalk line on the Grand Trunk Road and a check post.^[10] Some tents were pitched both sides, two sentry boxes painted in the national colours of each country and a gate to regulate traffic for the refugees.^[10] Two flag masts were also put up on either side and a brass plate commemorating the historic event was installed with both their names below the flags.^[3]

They did not have any Beating Retreat Ceremony till the 1960s, after both of the founders had left.

This ceremony takes place at the Attari–Wagah border, which is part of the Grand Trunk Road. Prior to the opening of the Aman Setu in Kashmir in 1999, it was the only road link between these two countries. It is called a Beating Retreat border ceremony on the international level.

The ceremony starts every evening immediately before sunset with a blustering parade by the soldiers from both sides, and ends with the perfectly coordinated lowering of the two nations' flags.^[11] One infantryman stands at attention on each side of the gate. As the sun sets, the iron gates at the border are opened and the two flags are lowered simultaneously. The flags are then folded, and the ceremony ends with a retreat that involves a brusque handshake between soldiers from either side, followed by the closing of the gates again. The spectacle of the ceremony attracts many visitors from both sides of the border, as well as international tourists.^[11] In 2010, the ceremony was made less hostile by both sides; the ceremony now includes a handshake and a smile.^[12][13] In October 2010, Major General Yaqub Ali Khan of the Pakistan Rangers decided that the aggressive aspect of the ceremonial theatrics should be toned down. The soldiers of this ceremony are specially appointed and trained for this auspicious ceremony. They also have a beard and moustache policy for which they are paid additionally.^{[citation needed]}

On 2 November 2014, approximately 60 people were killed and at least 110 people were injured in a suicide attack on the Pakistan side of Attari–Wagah border. An 18 to 20-year-old attacker detonated a 25 kg (55 lb) explosive in his vest 600 metres (2,000 ft) from the crossing point in the evening right after the Attari–Wagah border ceremony ended.^[14][15]

After the India–Pakistan military confrontation on 29 September 2016, the border closing ceremony continued, but on the Indian side public attendance was denied on the evenings between 29 September and 8 October 2016.^[16] As a sign of the increased tensions, the BSF did not exchange sweets and greetings with Pakistani Rangers on Diwali 2016, despite a long tradition of doing so on major religious festivals like Bakr-Eid and Diwali, and also during Independence Days of both countries.^[17]

Similar border ceremonies by the Pakistan Rangers and Border Security Force just before sunset is also carried out at other India–Pakistan border posts, such as the:

• Ganda Singh Wala, Kasur district (Pakistani side) / Hussainiwala, Firozpur district (Indian side)^[9][18]
• Sulemanki, Okara district (Pakistani side) / Sadqi, Fazilka district (Indian side).^{[9][18][19][20][21]}

As at the Attari–Wagah border, border soldiers from both sides intimidate each other by throwing high kicks and by staring, and the ceremonies are concluded by a simultaneous flag or beating retreat. These ceremonies occur in smaller settings, and spectators tend to be local Punjabis rather than tourists from other regions in India, Pakistan, and other countries. The method of drill and parade is also quite different compared to the one in the Wagah-Attari border.

• Attari, Amritsar, India
• Wagah, Lahore, Pakistan
• India–Pakistan border
• Benapole–Petrapole border ceremony
• Nadabet

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wagah Border.

• Michael Palin at the India-Pakistan border ceremony on the Pakistani side (from Himalaya with Michael Palin). BBCWorldwide video on YouTube.
• Sanjeev Bhaskar at the India-Pakistan border ceremony on the Indian side. BBCWorldwide video on YouTube.