Wickiup Hill

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Wickiup Hill

Coordinates: 42°04′59″N 91°45′54″W / 42.083°N 91.765°W

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wickiup Hill
Location in Iowa
Location	Iowa, United States
Coordinates	42°04′59″N 91°45′54″W / 42.083°N 91.765°W / 42.083; -91.765
Area	790 acres (320 ha)
Governing body	Linn County Conservation Department


Wickiup Hill
U.S. National Register of Historic Places

Location	Address restricted^[2]
MPS	Archaeology of the Wickiup Hill Locality in Linn County, Iowa MPS
NRHP reference No.	100007332^[1]
Added to NRHP	January 20, 2022

Wickiup Hill is a Native American archeological region near Toddville, in Linn County, Iowa. The area has the Wickiup Hill Outdoor Learning Center which was built where a Meskwaki village once stood. Wickiup Hill has been excavated by archeologists.

History

[edit]

Wickiup Hill has been occupied by people for around 8,000 years and has archeological evidence of Native American villages as well as of their burial grounds. Its burial grounds are under protection by Iowa law and are not documented for others to find.^[3] The mounds were stolen from repeatedly and no one knows what remains of their contents. The Oneota, Ioway, and Meskwaki people used to live in the area.^[3] Starting in 1994, multiple surveys and excavations were completed by archeologists to record its historical sites. People helped contribute to the effort by volunteering through field schools, teacher workshops, and camps for student archeologists. More than 20 historical sites were discovered within river terraces, sand dunes, bluffs, and ridge-tops. The excavations include 5,000-year-old campgrounds, clusters of mounds, and late 19th-century pioneer cabins. Items that were discovered include a blue glass bead, metal, buttons, ceramics, two 1865 Indian Head cents, and one 1868 Indian Head cent. Other discoveries were intact charred wooden boards that might have come from a cabin and an oval basin that had slabs of dolomite and other rocks. The basin and rocks may have come from a sweat lodge that was used by Native Americans.^[4]

A nomination for Wickiup Hill to be placed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) was started in 2020. It was established as a Multiple Property Submission called the Archaeology of the Wickiup Hill Locality in Linn County, Iowa.^[1] The area was divided into six separate areas that were individually listed on the NRHP on January 20, 2022. The six areas are: Wickiup Hill Late Woodland Village Site, Wickiup Hill Middle to Late Archaic Camp Site, Wickiup Hill Mound Group No. 1, Wickiup Hill Mound Group No. 2, Wickiup Hill Mound Group No. 3, and Wickiup Hill Mound Group No. 4. The listings mean the area could be eligible to receive more state and federal grants.^[3]

Nature center

[edit]

The Wickiup Hill Outdoor Learning Center is a 790-acre (320 ha) nature center on Cedar River's left bank in Linn County and it is controlled by the Linn County Conservation Department. The nature center has exhibits, tours, and events.^[4] It was built on a Meskwaki village site.^[5] In 2021, the nature center held two snowshoe hiking events.^[6]

References

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^ ^a ^b "National Register of Historic Places Program: Weekly List". National Park Service. January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
^ Federal and state laws and practices restrict general public access to information regarding the specific location of this resource. In some cases, this is to protect archeological sites from vandalism, while in other cases it is restricted at the request of the owner. See: Knoerl, John; Miller, Diane; Shrimpton, Rebecca H. (1990), Guidelines for Restricting Information about Historic and Prehistoric Resources, National Register Bulletin, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, OCLC 20706997.
^ ^a ^b ^c King, Grace (January 31, 2020). "'Archaeologically rich' Wickiup Hill near Toddville seeking listing on National Register of Historic Places". The Gazette. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
^ ^a ^b Whittaker, William E.; Alex, Lynn M.; De La Garza, Mary C. (2015). The Archeological Guide to Iowa. University of Iowa Press. pp. 141–142. ISBN 9781609383374.
^ Foster, Lance M. (2009). The Indians of Iowa. University of Iowa Press. p. 112. ISBN 9781587298172. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
^ DeRaedt, Kennedy (February 1, 2021). "Wickiup Hill Learning Center offers guided snowshoe hikes". KWWL. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.

v t e Pre-Columbian North America
Periods Lithic Archaic Formative Classic Post-Classic
Archaeological cultures	Adena Alachua Ancient Beringian Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) Anishinaabe Avonlea Baytown Belle Glade Buttermilk Creek complex Caborn-Welborn Cades Pond Calf Creek Caloosahatchee Clovis Coles Creek Comondú Deptford Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Walton Fremont Glacial Kame Glades Hohokam Hopewell List of Hopewell sites La Jolla Las Palmas Maritime Archaic Mississippian List of Mississippian sites Mogollon Monongahela Old Cordilleran Oneota Paleo-Arctic Paleo-Indians Patayan Plano Plaquemine Poverty Point Red Ocher Safety Harbor Santa Rosa-Swift Creek St. Johns Steed-Kisker Suwannee Valley Tchefuncte Troyville Weeden Island
Archaeological sites	Angel Mounds Anzick site Bandelier National Monument Bastian Benson Blue Spring Shelter Bluefish Caves The Bluff Point Stoneworks Brewster Cahokia Candelaria Cave Casa Grande Chaco Canyon Coso Rock Art District Crystal River Cuarenta Casas Cueva de la Olla Cutler Eaker El Fin del Mundo El Vallecito Effigy Mounds Etowah Indian Mounds Eva Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Center Fort Juelson Four Mounds Gila Cliff Dwellings Glenwood Grimes Point Helen Blazes Holly Bluff Hopewell Culture National Historical Park Horr's Island Huápoca Key Marco Kimball Village Kincaid Mounds Kolomoki Mounds Lake Jackson Mounds Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site L'Anse aux Meadows Lynch Quarry Site Marksville Marmes Rockshelter Meadowcroft Rockshelter Mesa Verde Moaning Cavern Moorehead Circle Morrison Mounds Moundville Mummy Cave Nodena site Ocmulgee Mounds Old Stone Fort Orwell site Paquime Painted Bluff Parkin Park Pinson Mounds Plum Bayou Mounds Portsmouth Earthworks Poverty Point Pueblo Bonito Rassawek Recapture Canyon River Styx Roberts Island Rock Eagle Rock Hawk Rosenstock Village Russell Cave Salmon Ruins Serpent Mound Sierra de San Francisco Shell ring sites Spiro Mounds Stallings Island SunWatch Taos Pueblo Town Creek Indian Mound Turkey River Mounds Upward Sun River Velda Mound West Oak Forest Earthlodge Wickiup Hill Windover Winterville Wupatki
Human remains	Anzick-1 Arlington Springs Man Buhl Woman Kennewick Man La Brea Woman Leanderthal Lady Melbourne Man Minnesota Woman Peñon woman Spirit Cave mummy Vero man
Miscellaneous	Aridoamerica Ballgame Black drink Ceremonial pipe Chanunpa Chunkey Clovis point Container Revolution Eastern Agricultural Complex Eden point Effigy mound Falcon dancer Folsom point Green Corn Ceremony Horned Serpent Kiva Medicine wheel Metallurgy Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing Mound Builders N.A.G.P.R.A. Norse colonization of North America Oasisamerica Piasa Projectile point Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Stickball Three Sisters agriculture Thunderbird Transoceanic contact Underwater panther Water glyphs
Related Genetic history Pre-Columbian era

v t e National Register of Historic Places in Linn County, Iowa outside of Cedar Rapids
Alburnett	Hickman-Nietert-Odd Fellows Building Notbohm Mill Archaeological District
Center Point	WCF & N Center Point Depot and Substation
Central City	Central City Commercial Historic District
Coggon	Coggon Commercial Historic District Coggon Public School Upper Paris Bridge
Ely	Dows Street Historic District Ely School House Jan F. and Antonie Janko Farmstead District Josias L. and Elizabeth A. Minor Farmstead District Joseph and Clara Amanda H. Moorhead House Podhajsky-Jansa Farmstead District
Hiawatha	Chain Lakes Bridge
Lisbon	Lisbon Methodist Church Harrison Stuckslager House Lisbon Main Street Historic District Meyers Farmstead Historic District Torrance House
Marion	James W. and Ida G. Bowman House Braska House William and Phebe C. Dunn House First Presbyterian Church of Marion, Iowa Granger House Douglas and Charlotte Grant House Samuel M. Lane House Marion Carnegie Public Library Marion Commercial Historic District Joseph P. Mentzer House Pucker Street Historic District Glenn O. and Lucy O. Pyle House Terrace Park Historic District
Mount Vernon	Henry D. and Juliana (Wortz) Albright House Ash Park Historic District Augustus and Elizabeth (Huntsberger) Bauman House Beach School Cornell College-Mount Vernon Historic District King Memorial Chapel Adams R., Frederick L. and Martha (Taylor) Knott House James H. and Mayetta (Degrush) McCartney House Mount Vernon Commercial Historic District Dr. Luther L. and Susette E. (Baker) Pease House George W. and Mary J. (Maxwell) Robinson House Martin L. and Mary Jane (Yount) Shantz House James J. and Anna J. (Linean) Smith House #1 James J. and Anna J. (Linean) Smith House #2 Sumner School Elijah D. and Mary J. (Adams) Waln House Wesley West House Col. John Q. and Rowena (Camp) Wilds House
Toddville	Wickiup Hill Late Woodland Village Site Wickiup Hill Middle to Late Archaic Camp Site Wickiup Hill Mound Group No. 1 Wickiup Hill Mound Group No. 2 Wickiup Hill Mound Group No. 3 Wickiup Hill Mound Group No. 4
Walker	Burlington, Cedar Rapids, and Minnesota Railroad: Walker Station
Unincorporated areas	Bertram Bertram Bridge Cedar Rapids vicinity Dewitt-Harman Archeological Site Indian Creek Bridge Springville Matsell Bridge Troy Mills Odd Fellows Hall Viola Grant Wood's "Fall Plowing" Rural Historic Landscape District Whittier Whittier Friends Meeting House
National Register of Historic Places listings in Linn County, Iowa List of National Historic Landmarks in Iowa

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