Epstein Files Full PDF

CLICK HERE
Technopedia Center
PMB University Brochure
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education
teknopedia

  • Registerasi
  • Brosur UTI
  • Kip Scholarship Information
  • Performance
Flag Counter
  1. World Encyclopedia
  2. Xerxes II - Wikipedia
Xerxes II - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ruler of the Achaemenid Empire in 424 BC
Xerxes II
𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠
Achaemenid coin minted at Sardis, possibly under Xerxes II
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire,
Pharaoh of Egypt
Reign424 BC (45 days)
PredecessorArtaxerxes I
SuccessorSogdianus
Died424 BC
Persepolis, Persia
DynastyAchaemenid
FatherArtaxerxes I
MotherDamaspia
ReligionZoroastrianism

Xerxes II (/ˈzɜːrksiːz/ ZURK-seez; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠, romanized: Xšayār̥šā; Ancient Greek: Ξέρξης, romanized: Xérxēs; died 424 BC) was a Persian king who was very briefly a ruler of the Achaemenid Empire, as the son and successor of Artaxerxes I.

After a reign of forty-five days—where he only had control over the Persian heartlands—he was assassinated in 424 BC by his half-brother Sogdianus, who in turn was murdered by Darius II six months later. He is an obscure historical figure known primarily from the writings of Ctesias. He was the only legitimate son of Artaxerxes I and Damaspia, and is known to have served as crown prince.

Reign

[edit]

The last inscription mentioning Artaxerxes I being alive can be dated to 424 BC. Xerxes succeeded to the throne but two of his illegitimate brothers claimed the throne for themselves. The first was Sogdianus, Artaxerxes I's son by his concubine Alogyne of Babylon. The second was Darius II, Artaxerxes I's son by his concubine Cosmartidene of Babylon, who was married to their common half-sister Parysatis, daughter of Artaxerxes I and his concubine Andia of Babylon.[1]

Xerxes II was only recognized as king in Persia and Sogdianus in Elam. Ochus' first inscription as Darius II can be dated to January 10, 423 BC. He was already satrap of Hyrcania and was soon recognized by Media, Babylonia and Egypt. Xerxes II only ruled forty-five days. He was murdered while drunk by Sogdianus, with help from Pharnacyas and Menostanes, who had great influence over him according to Ctesias.[2] Sogdianus gained the support of his regions, but was killed a few months later. Darius II became the sole ruler of the Persian Empire and reigned until 404 BC.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b S. Zawadzki, "The Circumstances of Darius II's Accession", Jaarbericht Ex Oriente Lux, 34 (1995-1996), pp. 45-49
  2. ^ Ctesias the Cnidian. Persica. 48.

External links

[edit]
  • A more detailed profile of Xerxes II
Xerxes II
Achaemenid dynasty
 Died: 424 BC
Preceded by
Artaxerxes I
King of Kings of Persia
424 BC
Succeeded by
Sogdianus
Pharaoh of Egypt
XXVII Dynasty
424 BC
  • v
  • t
  • e
Median and Achaemenid kings
Family tree
Median (728–550 BC)
  • Deioces
  • Phraortes
  • Madyes
  • Cyaxares
  • Astyages
Achaemenid (550–330 BC)
  • Achaemenes
  • Ariaramnes
  • Arsames
  • Teispes
  • Cyrus I
  • Cambyses I
  • Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II)
  • Cambyses II
  • Smerdis
  • Gaumata
  • Darius the Great (Darius I)
  • Xerxes the Great (Xerxes I)
  • Artaxerxes I
  • Xerxes II
  • Sogdianus
  • Darius II Nothus
  • Artaxerxes II Mnemon
  • Artaxerxes III Ochus
  • Artaxerxes IV Arses
  • Darius III Codomannus
  • Artaxerxes V Bessus
Italics indicate kings not directly attested and so possibly legendary.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Rulers in the Achaemenid Empire
Family tree - Achaemenid Kingdom
Kings of Kings
of the Achaemenid Empire
  • Achaemenes
  • Ariaramnes
  • Arsames
  • Teispes
  • Cyrus I
  • Cambyses I
  • Cyrus the Great
  • Cambyses II
  • Bardiya
  • Darius the Great
  • Xerxes I
  • Artaxerxes I
  • Xerxes II
  • Sogdianus
  • Darius II
  • Artaxerxes II Mnemon
  • Artaxerxes III Ochus
  • Artaxerxes IV Arses
  • Darius III Codomannus
  • Artaxerxes V Bessus
Satraps of Lydia
  • Tabalus
  • Mazares
  • Harpagus
  • Oroetus
  • Bagaeus
  • Otanes
  • Artaphernes I
  • Artaphernes II
  • Pissuthnes
  • Tissaphernes
  • Cyrus the Younger
  • Tissaphernes
  • Tithraustes
  • Tiribazus
  • Struthas
  • Autophradates
  • Spithridates
Satraps of Hellespontine Phrygia
  • Mitrobates
  • Megabazus
  • Megabates
  • Oebares II
  • Artabazus I
  • Pharnabazus I
  • Pharnaces II
  • Pharnabazus II
  • Ariobarzanes
  • Artabazus II
  • Pharnabazus III
  • Arsites
Satraps of Cappadocia
  • Datames
  • Ariamnes I
  • Mithrobuzanes
  • Ariarathes I
Greek Governors of Asia Minor cities
  • Miltiades
  • Demaratus
  • Gongylos
  • Eurysthenes
  • Prokles
  • Histiaeus
  • Aristagoras
  • Themistocles
  • Archeptolis
  • Aridolis
  • Amyntas II
  • Philiscus
Dynasts of Lycia
  • Kheziga
  • Kybernis
  • Kuprlli
  • Harpagus
  • Teththiweibi
  • Kheriga
  • Kherei
  • Arbinas
  • Artembares
  • Artumpara
  • Mithrapata
  • Perikle
Dynasts of Caria
  • Lygdamis I
  • Artemisia
  • Pisindelis
  • Lygdamis II
  • Adusius (satrap)
  • Hecatomnus
  • Mausolus
  • Artemisia II
  • Idrieus
  • Ada
  • Pixodarus
  • Orontobates
Kings of Macedonia
  • Amyntas I of Macedon
  • Alexander I of Macedon
Kings of Tyre
  • Mattan IV
  • Boulomenus
  • Abdemon
  • Evagoras
  • Azemilcus
Kings of Sidon
  • Eshmunazar I
  • Tabnit
  • Queen Amoashtart (regent)
  • Eshmunazar II
  • Bodashtart
  • Yatonmilk
  • Anysos
  • Tetramnestos
  • Baalshillem I
  • Baana
  • Baalshillem II
  • Abdashtart I
  • Tennes
  • Evagoras II
  • Abdashtart II
  • Abdashtart III
Satraps of Armenia
  • Artasyrus
  • Orontes I
  • Darius III
  • Orontes II
Satraps of Egypt
  • Aryandes
  • Pherendates
  • Achaemenes
  • Arsames
  • Pherendates II
  • Sabaces
  • Mazaces
Satraps of Bactria
  • Hystaspes
  • Dadarsi
  • Masistes
  • Bessus
Satraps of Media
  • Hydarnes
  • Hydarnes the Younger
  • Atropates
Satraps of Cilicia
  • Syennesis III
  • Pharnabazus II
  • Camisares
  • Mazaeus
  • Arsames
Other known satraps
  • Megabyzus, Abrocomas, Belesys (Syria)
  • Ochus (Hyrcania)
  • Satibarzanes (Aria)
  • Atizyes (Greater Phrygia)
  • Phrataphernes (Parthia)
  • Ariobarzanes (Persis)
  • Abulites (Susiana)
  • Mazaeus (Babylon)
In most territories, Achaemenid rulers were succeeded by Hellenistic satraps and Hellenistic rulers from around 330 BC
  • v
  • t
  • e
Kings of Babylon
  • List of kings of Babylon
  • Royal titles
Period
Dynasty
  • Kings  (foreign ruler
  • vassal king
  • female♀)
Old Babylonian Empire
(1894–1595 BC)
I
  • Sumu-abum
  • Sumu-la-El
  • Sabium
  • Apil-Sin
  • Sin-Muballit
  • Hammurabi
  • Samsu-iluna
  • Abi-Eshuh
  • Ammi-Ditana
  • Ammi-Saduqa
  • Samsu-Ditana
II
  • Ilum-ma-ili
  • Itti-ili-nibi
  • Unknown king (?)
  • Damqi-ilishu
  • Ishkibal
  • Shushushi
  • Gulkishar
  • mDIŠ+U-EN
  • Peshgaldaramesh
  • Ayadaragalama
  • Akurduana
  • Melamkurkurra
  • Ea-gamil
Kassite period
(1729–1157 BC)
III
  • Gandash
  • Agum I
  • Kashtiliash I
  • Unknown king
  • Abi-Rattash
  • Kashtiliash II
  • Urzigurumash
  • Agum II
  • Harba-Shipak
  • Shipta'ulzi
  • Unknown king
  • Burnaburiash I
  • Ulamburiash
  • Kashtiliash III
  • Agum III
  • Kadashman-Sah
  • Karaindash
  • Kadashman-Harbe I
  • Kurigalzu I
  • Kadashman-Enlil I
  • Burna-Buriash II
  • Kara-hardash
  • Nazi-Bugash
  • Kurigalzu II
  • Nazi-Maruttash
  • Kadashman-Turgu
  • Kadashman-Enlil II
  • Kudur-Enlil
  • Shagarakti-Shuriash
  • Kashtiliash IV
  • Enlil-nadin-shumi
  • Kadashman-Harbe II
  • Adad-shuma-iddina
  • Adad-shuma-usur
  • Meli-Shipak
  • Marduk-apla-iddina I
  • Zababa-shuma-iddin
  • Enlil-nadin-ahi
Middle Babylonian period
(1157–732 BC)
IV
  • Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
  • Itti-Marduk-balatu
  • Ninurta-nadin-shumi
  • Nebuchadnezzar I
  • Enlil-nadin-apli
  • Marduk-nadin-ahhe
  • Marduk-shapik-zeri
  • Adad-apla-iddina
  • Marduk-ahhe-eriba
  • Marduk-zer-X
  • Nabu-shum-libur
V
  • Simbar-shipak
  • Ea-mukin-zeri
  • Kashshu-nadin-ahi
VI
  • Eulmash-shakin-shumi
  • Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
  • Shirikti-shuqamuna
VII
  • Mar-biti-apla-usur
VIII
  • Nabû-mukin-apli
  • Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
  • Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
  • Shamash-mudammiq
  • Nabu-shuma-ukin I
  • Nabu-apla-iddina
  • Marduk-zakir-shumi I
  • Marduk-balassu-iqbi
  • Baba-aha-iddina
  • Ninurta-apla-X
  • Marduk-bel-zeri
  • Marduk-apla-usur
  • Eriba-Marduk
  • Nabu-shuma-ishkun
  • Nabonassar
  • Nabu-nadin-zeri
  • Nabu-suma-ukin II
Neo-Assyrian period
(732–626 BC)
  • IX
  • Nabu-mukin-zeri
  • Tiglath-Pileser III
  • Shalmaneser V
  • Marduk-apla-iddina II
  • Sargon II
  • Sennacherib
  • Marduk-zakir-shumi II
  • Marduk-apla-iddina II
  • Bel-ibni
  • Aššur-nādin-šumi
  • Nergal-ushezib
  • Mushezib-Marduk
  • Sennacherib
  • Esarhaddon
  • Ashurbanipal
  • Šamaš-šuma-ukin
  • Ashurbanipal
  • Kandalanu
  • Sîn-šumu-līšir
  • Sinsharishkun
Neo-Babylonian Empire
(626–539 BC)
X
  • Nabopolassar
  • Nebuchadnezzar II
  • Amel-Marduk
  • Neriglissar
  • Labashi-Marduk
  • Nabonidus
Babylon under foreign rule (539 BC – AD 224)
Persian period
(539–331 BC)
XI
  • Cyrus II
  • Cambyses II
  • Bardiya
  • Nebuchadnezzar III
  • Darius I
  • Nebuchadnezzar IV
  • Xerxes I
  • Shamash-eriba
  • Bel-shimanni
  • Artaxerxes I
  • Xerxes II
  • Sogdianus
  • Darius II
  • Artaxerxes II
  • Artaxerxes III
  • Artaxerxes IV
  • Nidin-Bel (?)
  • Darius III
Hellenistic period
(331–141 BC)
XII
  • Alexander III
  • Philip III Arrhidaeus
  • Alexander IV
  • Antigonus I Monophthalmus
XIII
  • Seleucus I Nicator
  • Antiochus I Soter
  • Seleucus
  • Antiochus II Theos
  • Seleucus II Callinicus
  • Seleucus III Ceraunus
  • Antiochus III Megas
  • Antiochus
  • Seleucus IV Philopator
  • Antiochus IV Epiphanes
  • Antiochus
  • Antiochus V Eupator
  • Demetrius I Soter
  • Timarchus
  • Demetrius I Soter
  • Alexander Balas
  • Demetrius II Nicator
Parthian period
(141 BC – AD 224)
XIV
  • Mithridates I
  • Phraates II
  • Rinnu♀
  • Antiochus VII Sidetes
  • Phraates II
  • Ubulna♀
  • Hyspaosines
  • Artabanus I
  • Mithridates II
  • Gotarzes I
  • Asi'abatar♀
  • Orodes I
  • Ispubarza♀
  • Sinatruces
  • Phraates III
  • Piriustana♀
  • Teleuniqe♀
  • Orodes II
  • Phraates IV
  • Phraates V
  • Orodes III
  • Vonones I
  • Artabanus II
  • Vardanes I
  • Gotarzes II
  • Vonones II
  • Vologases I
  • Pacorus II
  • Artabanus III
  • Osroes I
  • Vologases III
  • Parthamaspates
  • Vologases IV
  • Vologases V
  • Vologases VI
  • Artabanus IV
Category
Retrieved from "https://teknopedia.ac.id/w/index.php?title=Xerxes_II&oldid=1335862539"
Categories:
  • 5th-century BC Kings of the Achaemenid Empire
  • 5th-century BC pharaohs
  • Kings of the Achaemenid Empire
  • Pharaohs of the Achaemenid dynasty of Egypt
  • Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
  • 424 BC deaths
  • 5th-century BC murdered monarchs
  • Murdered Persian monarchs
Hidden categories:
  • Articles with short description
  • Short description is different from Wikidata
  • Articles containing Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)-language text
  • Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text
  • Year of birth unknown

  • indonesia
  • Polski
  • العربية
  • Deutsch
  • English
  • Español
  • Français
  • Italiano
  • مصرى
  • Nederlands
  • 日本語
  • Português
  • Sinugboanong Binisaya
  • Svenska
  • Українська
  • Tiếng Việt
  • Winaray
  • 中文
  • Русский
Sunting pranala
url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url
Pusat Layanan

UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA | ASEAN's Best Private University
Jl. ZA. Pagar Alam No.9 -11, Labuhan Ratu, Kec. Kedaton, Kota Bandar Lampung, Lampung 35132
Phone: (0721) 702022
Email: pmb@teknokrat.ac.id