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Za Dengel - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Za Dengel

Emperor of Ethiopia

Reign

September 1603 – 24 October 1604^[1]

Predecessor

Yaqob

Successor

Yaqob

Died

24 October 1604
Bartcho, Ethiopian Empire

Spouse

Woizero Wangelawit

Regnal name
Atsnaf Sagad II

Dynasty

House of Solomon

Father

Lesana Krestos

This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (March 2022)

Za Dengel (Ge'ez: ዘድንግል; died 24 October 1604), throne name Atsnaf Sagad II (Ge'ez: አጽናፍ ሰገድ) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1603 until his death in 1604. He was a member of the Solomonic dynasty and one of only two Catholic emperors in Ethiopian history.

Ancestry

Of Amhara lineage, Za Dengel was the son of Lesana Krestos; brother of Emperor Sarsa Dengel.^[2] The Spanish Jesuit Pedro Paez, who lived in Ethiopia, described the Emperor's appearance during their meeting as follows: "He seemed to be about 26 years of age, tall, well-shaped, and manly. His eyes were large and beautiful, and his nose was sharp. His lips were thin, but his complexion was somewhat tawny; and were it not for the color, which in Europe is reckoned unbecoming, he would not have been inferior to the finest men among us.'"^[3]

Reign

Za Dengel may have been married to Woizero Wangelawit, eldest daughter of his second cousin Susenyos (later emperor) and lady Wolde Saala of Walaqa and Marabete (later Empress Sultan Mogassa).

Sarsa Dengel had intended to make his nephew as his heir, recognizing that to avert the civil war that would likely follow his death an adult would be needed, and the emperor's own sons were quite young. These plans were changed primarily through the influence of Empress Sena Maryam, stepmother of Emperor's eldest surviving son Prince Yaqob, who was made emperor in 1597. The empress had Za Dengel seized and confined in a religious retreat on the island of Dek in Lake Tana. Za Dengel eventually managed to escape, taking refuge in Gojjam.

In 1603, Za Dengel was made Emperor by Ras Za Sellase, who intended Za Dengel to be little more than a figurehead. He was crowned as Asnaf Segad ('He to whom the horizons bow'). However, Za Dengel summoned the Jesuit Pedro Páez to his court at Dankaz, who persuaded him to embrace Catholicism.

This religious conversion led to Za Sellase not only withdrawing his support, but actively working against him and stirred up a revolt in Gojjam. Za Dengel marched to the plain of Bartcho to put down this revolt, but despite the help of 200 Portuguese musketeers Za Dengel perished in battle on 24 October. According to James Bruce, Za Dengel's corpse lay unclaimed on the battlefield for three days, until some peasants buried it "in a little building, like a chapel (which I have seen), not above six feet high, under the shade of a very fine tree, in Abyssinia called sassa." The body was reinterred 10 years later in Daga Estifanos monastery on Daga Island in Lake Tana.^[4]

Notes

References

^ Stewart, John (2006). African States and Rulers (third ed.). London: McFarland & Company Inc. p. 93.
^ Hassen, Mohammed (2015). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia: 1300-1700. Boydell & Brewer. p. 339. ISBN 9781847011176.
^ Telles, Balthazar (1710). The Travels of the Jesuits in Ethiopia. J. Knapton.
^ James Bruce, Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile (1805 edition), vol. 3, pp. 270f

Regnal titles
Preceded by Yaqob	Emperor of Ethiopia 1603–1604	Succeeded by Yaqob

v t e Emperors of Ethiopia (List)
Family tree
Solomonic dynasty (1270–1632)	Yekuno Amlak Yagbe'u Seyon (Salomon I) Sons: Senfa Ared IV Hezba Asgad Qedma Asgad Jin Asgad Saba Asgad Wedem Arad Amda Seyon I Newaya Krestos Newaya Maryam Dawit I Tewodros I Yeshaq I Andreyas Takla Maryam Sarwe Iyasus Amda Iyasus Zara Yaqob (Kwestantinos I) Baeda Maryam I Eskender (Kwestantinos II) Amda Seyon II Na'od Dawit II Gelawdewos Menas Sarsa Dengel Yaqob Za Dengel Yaqob Susenyos I
Gondarine period (1632–1769)	Fasilides Yohannes I Iyasu the Great Tekle Haymanot I Tewoflos Yostos Dawit III Bakaffa Iyasu II Iyoas I
Era of the Princes (1769–1855)	Yohannes II Tekle Haymanot II Susenyos II Tekle Haymanot II Salomon II Tekle Giyorgis I Iyasu III Tekle Giyorgis I Hezqeyas Tekle Giyorgis I Baeda Maryam II Tekle Giyorgis I Salomon III Yonas Tekle Giyorgis I Salomon III Demetros Tekle Giyorgis I Demetros Egwale Seyon Iyoas II Gigar Baeda Maryam III Gigar Iyasu IV Gebre Krestos Sahle Dengel Gebre Krestos Sahle Dengel Yohannes III Sahle Dengel Yohannes III Sahle Dengel Yohannes III Sahle Dengel
Modern Ethiopia (1855–1974)	Tewodros II Tekle Giyorgis II Yohannes IV Menelik II Lij Iyasu¹ Zewditu Haile Selassie² Amha Selassie¹ ³
¹ Never crowned. ² Between 1936–1941, Haile Selassie went into exile following the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. During that time, the imperial title was claimed by Italian King Victor Emmanuel III. ³ Emperor-in-exile.

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