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Zamia amazonum - Wikipedia

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Zamia amazonum
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Gymnospermae
Division:	Cycadophyta
Class:	Cycadopsida
Order:	Cycadales
Family:	Zamiaceae
Genus:	Zamia
Species:	Z. amazonum
Binomial name
*Zamia amazonum* D.W.Stev.

Zamia amazonum is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela.

Description

Z. amazonum has a subterranean stem 3 to 8 centimetres (1.2 to 3.1 in) in diameter. There are two to six leaves on a plant. The leaves are 0.5 to 2.5 metres (1 ft 8 in to 8 ft 2 in) long on a 0.5 to 1 metre (1 ft 8 in to 3 ft 3 in) long petiole (stalk). The reddish-brown stalk is covered with prickles, which extend into the lower third of the leaf axis. There are 10 to 30 leaflets, which are oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, pointed at the ends and toothed along the edges of the outer half of the leaflet. Leaflets in the middle of the leaf are 15 to 20 centimetres (5.9 to 7.9 in) long and 2 to 4 centimetres (0.79 to 1.57 in) wide.^[2]

Like all Zamias, Z. amazonum is dioecious, with each plant being either male or female. Male strobili (cones) are cylindrical, 6 to 10 centimetres (2.4 to 3.9 in) long and 1 to 2 centimetres (0.39 to 0.79 in) in diameter, brown in color, and stand on 8 to 15 centimetres (3.1 to 5.9 in) long peduncles (stalks). Female cones are 10 to 15 centimetres (3.9 to 5.9 in) long and 3 to 5 centimetres (1.2 to 2.0 in) in diameter, dark red-brown in colored, and stand on 5 to 8 centimetres (2.0 to 3.1 in) long stalks. Seeds are ovoid, 1 centimetre (0.39 in) long and 0.5 centimetres (0.20 in) in diameter, with a red sarcotesta (outer fleshy coat).^[2]

Habitat

Z. amazonum is locally abundant in the upper Amazon basin in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, and in Chocó Department on the Paciific coast of Colombia. The species name refers to its wide-spread occurrence in the Amazon basin.^[2]

Human use

Crushed Z. amazonum root that has been soaked in water overnight is reported to be used as a treatment for leishmaniasis by the Chayahuita people of northeastern Peru.^[3]

References

^ Lopez-Gallego, C. & Calonje, M. (2023) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Zamia amazonum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 (2): e.T42160A243402195. Retrieved 16 November 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Stevenson 2004, p. 207.
^ El-Seadaway, Hosam M.; Abo El-Seoud, Kamilia A.; El-Aasr, Mona; Ragab, Amany E. (23 June 2023). "Phytochemical Profile, Ethnobotanical and Biological Impacts of Various Zamia Species: A Mini-Review" (PDF). Journal of Advance Medical and Pharmaceutical Research. 4: 68. doi:10.21608/JAMPR.2023.202326.1053.

Sources

Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (April 2004). "Cycads of Colombia". The Botanical Review. 70 (2): 194–234. doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2004)070[0194:COC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1874-9372.

Taxon identifiers
Zamia amazonum	Wikidata: Q5437799 Wikispecies: Zamia amazonum CoL: 5CVNY EoL: 630902 GBIF: 5284138 GRIN: 444554 iNaturalist: 135526 IPNI: 20009732-1 IRMNG: 10988198 ITIS: 899679 IUCN: 42160 NCBI: 2044335 Open Tree of Life: 4001694 Plant List: kew-2469872 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:20009732-1 Species+: 20297 Tropicos: 50210388 WFO: wfo-0000429877

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