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Zand dynasty - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the Zand royal dynasty. For the royal state, see Zand Iran.
Zand
Emblem of Karim Khan Zand
Dynastic flag of Karim Khan Zand
Parent familyZand tribe
CountryZand Iran
Place of originPari, Iran
Founded1751
FounderKarim Khan Zand
Final rulerLotf Ali Khan Zand
TitlesVakil ol-Ra'aya
Shah of Iran[a]
TraditionsTwelver Shia Islam
Deposition1794

The Zand dynasty (Persian: دودمان زندیان, romanized: Dudemān-e Zandiyān) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Karim Khan Zand (r. 1751–1779) of the Zand tribe of the Laks who ruled over Zand Iran.

Zand rulers

See also: List of monarchs of Iran
No. Name Picture Lifespan Reigned from Reigned until Reign duration[b] Succession
1
 Karim Khan c. 1699–1779
(aged c. 80) 		1751 1779 28 years Seized power over much of Iran[1][2]
2
 Mohammad-Ali Khan
—
 1760–c. 1792
(aged c. 32) 		1779
(22 March) 		1779
(19 June) 		<1 year
(89 days) 		Son of Karim Khan. Joint co-ruler with his brother Abol-Fath Khan.[3][4][5]
3
 Abol-Fath Khan
—
 1755–1787
(aged 32) 		1779
(22 March) 		1779
(22 August) 		<1 year
(153 days) 		Son of Karim Khan. Initially joint co-ruler with his brother Mohammad-Ali Khan.[3][4][5]
4
 Sadegh Khan c. 1705–1781
(aged c. 76) 		1779
(22 August) 		1781
(14 March) 		1 year Brother of Karim Khan[6][7][5]
5
 Ali-Morad Khan c. 1740–1785
(aged c. 45) 		1781
(14 March) 		1785
(11 February) 		3 years Member of the 'Hazāra' branch of the Zand family[6][7][5]
6
 Jafar Khan c. 1735–1789
(aged c. 54) 		1785
(11 February) 		1789
(23 January) 		3 years Son of Sadegh Khan[8][7][5]
7
 Seyd Morad Khan c. 1765–1789
(aged c. 24) 		1789
(23 January) 		1789
(8 May) 		<1 year
(105 days) 		Cousin of Ali-Morad Khan. Mutinied against Jafar Khan (leading to Jafar's death) and opposed the accession of Jafar's son, Lotf Ali Khan.[9][7][5]
8
 Lotf Ali Khan c. 1769–1794
(aged c. 25) 		1789
(8 May) 		1794
(November) 		5 years Son of Jafar Khan.[9][7][5]
Zand dynasty c. 1699–1794
(aged c. 95) 		1751 1794 43 years

Lifespan and reign of Zand rulers

Lotf Ali KhanSayed Morad KhanJafar KhanAli-Morad Khan ZandSadeq Khan ZandAbol-Fath Khan ZandMohammad-Ali Khan ZandKarim Khan Zand

Family tree

Budaq KhanBay AghaInaq Khan
Allah Morad KhanBay Agha IIZaki Khan ZandKarim Khan Zand
1751–1779		Sadegh Khan Zand
1779–1781
Koda Morad KhanAli-Morad Khan Zand
1782–1785		Akbar Khan ZandAbol-Fath Khan Zand
1779		Mohammad Ali Khan Zand
1779		Jafar Khan Zand
1785–1789
Seyd Morad Khan
1789		Rostam Khan ZandLotf Ali Khan
1789–1794

Notes

  1. ^ The title was only used by Lotf Ali Khan Zand
  2. ^ Full years reigned (for durations of less than 1 year, the total number of days reigned)

References

  1. ^ Rajabi 2010, p. 33.
  2. ^ Perry 2011.
  3. ^ a b Rajabi 2010, pp. 109–112.
  4. ^ a b Busse 1983.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Perry 2000.
  6. ^ a b Rajabi 2010, p. 113.
  7. ^ a b c d e Spuler 1977, p. 311.
  8. ^ Rajabi 2010, pp. 113–114.
  9. ^ a b Rajabi 2010, p. 114.

Sources

  • Busse, H. (1983). "ABU'L-FATḤ KHAN ZAND". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
  • Perry, J. R. (2000). "ZAND DYNASTY". Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition.
  • Perry, J. R. (2011). "KARIM KHAN ZAND". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
  • Rajabi, Parviz (2010). کریم خان زند و زمان او [Karim Khan Zand and His Era] (in Persian). Retrieved 2026-01-03.
  • Spuler, Bertold (1977). Rulers and Governments of the World: Volume 2: 1492 to 1929. Bowker. ISBN 0-85935-009-6.


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