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Xanthophyllum - Wikipedia

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Xanthophyllum

Xanthophyllum flavescens, India
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Polygalaceae
Tribe:	Xanthophylleae Chodat
Genus:	Xanthophyllum Roxb.^[1]^[2]
Species
See text
Synonyms^[3]
Banisterodes Kuntze Eystathes Lour. Jakkia Blume KaulfussiaDennst. Macintyria F.Muell. Pelae Adans. Skaphium Miq.

Xanthophyllum is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae;^[3]^[2] (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning "yellow leaf", referring to how the leaves are often yellow when dry. In Borneo it is known as minyak berok in Malay or nyalin in the Iban language.^[4]

Description

Xanthophyllum species grow as trees or shrubs. Their twigs are often smooth and are coloured green or yellow. Leaves, when not drying yellow, dry green or dark brown. Flowers feature five petals. The mostly roundish fruits are not winged and measure up to 15 cm (6 in) in diameter. Fruits of some species are considered edible, e.g. X. ecarinatum, X. obscurum and X. stipitatum.^[4]

Distribution and habitat

Xanthophyllum grows naturally from India in tropical Asia to northern Australia. The majority of species grow in lowland rainforest. Some species grow at higher altitudes in hill or montane forests. Others occur in peatswamp or kerangas forests.^[4]

Species

As of February 2021^[update], the following is a list of accepted species:^[3]

Xanthophyllum adenotus Miq.
Xanthophyllum albicaule W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum amoenum Chodat
Xanthophyllum ancolanum Miq.
Xanthophyllum andamanicum King
Xanthophyllum angustigemma Meijden
Xanthophyllum annamense Gagnep.
Xanthophyllum beccarianum Chodat
Xanthophyllum bibracteatum Gagnep.
Xanthophyllum bicolor W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum bombayanum Chodat
Xanthophyllum borneense Miq.
Xanthophyllum brachystachyum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum bracteatum Chodat
Xanthophyllum brevipes Meijden
Xanthophyllum brigittae Meijden
Xanthophyllum bullatum King
Xanthophyllum burkillii J.R.Drumm. & Dunn
Xanthophyllum celebicum Meijden
Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium Meijden
Xanthophyllum chartaceum Meijden
Xanthophyllum clovis (Steenis ex Meijden) Meijden
Xanthophyllum cochinchinense Meijden
Xanthophyllum cockburnii Meijden
Xanthophyllum colubrinum Gagnep.
Xanthophyllum contractum Meijden
Xanthophyllum crassum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum cucullatum Meijden
Xanthophyllum discolor Chodat
Xanthophyllum eberhardtii Gagnep.
Xanthophyllum ecarinatum Chodat
Xanthophyllum eglandulosum Griff.
Xanthophyllum ellipticum Korth. ex Miq.
Xanthophyllum erythrostachyum Gagnep.
Xanthophyllum eurhynchum Miq.
Xanthophyllum excelsum (Blume) Blume ex Miq.
Xanthophyllum ferrugineum Meijden
Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb.
Xanthophyllum fragrans C.T.White
Xanthophyllum geesinkii Meijden
Xanthophyllum geminatum Meijden
Xanthophyllum griffithii Hook.f. ex A.W.Benn.
Xanthophyllum hainanense Hu
Xanthophyllum havilandii Chodat
Xanthophyllum heterophyllum Meijden
Xanthophyllum impressum Meijden
Xanthophyllum incertum (Blume) Meijden
Xanthophyllum inflatum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum ionanthum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum korthalsianum Miq.
Xanthophyllum laeve Meijden
Xanthophyllum lanceatum (Miq.) J.J.Sm.
Xanthophyllum lateriflorum Miq.
Xanthophyllum lineare (Meijden) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum longum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum macrophyllum Baker
Xanthophyllum malayanum Meijden
Xanthophyllum manickamii Murugan
Xanthophyllum montanum Meijden
Xanthophyllum monticola Meijden
Xanthophyllum neglectum Meijden
Xanthophyllum ngii Meijden
Xanthophyllum nigricans Meijden
Xanthophyllum nitidum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum novoguinense Meijden
Xanthophyllum obscurum A.W.Benn.
Xanthophyllum octandrum (F.Muell.) Domin
Xanthophyllum oliganthum C.Y.Wu
Xanthophyllum ovatifolium Chodat
Xanthophyllum pachycarpon W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum palawanense Elmer
Xanthophyllum papuanum Whitmore ex Meijden
Xanthophyllum parvifolium Meijden
Xanthophyllum pauciflorum Meijden
Xanthophyllum pedicellatum Meijden
Xanthophyllum penibukanense Heine
Xanthophyllum petiolatum Meijden
Xanthophyllum philippinense Chodat
Xanthophyllum poilanei Meijden
Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus Meijden
Xanthophyllum pubescens Meijden
Xanthophyllum pulchrum King
Xanthophyllum punctatum Meijden
Xanthophyllum purpureum Ridl.
Xanthophyllum ramiflorum Meijden
Xanthophyllum rectum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum reflexum Meijden
Xanthophyllum resupinatum Meijden
Xanthophyllum reticulatum Chodat
Xanthophyllum retinerve Meijden
Xanthophyllum rheophilum W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes
Xanthophyllum rufum A.W.Benn.
Xanthophyllum schizocarpon Chodat
Xanthophyllum stipitatum A.W.Benn.
Xanthophyllum subcoriaceum (Chodat) Meijden
Xanthophyllum suberosum C.T.White
Xanthophyllum sulphureum King
Xanthophyllum sylvestre (Lour.) S.Moore
Xanthophyllum tardicrescens Meijden
Xanthophyllum tenue Chodat
Xanthophyllum tenuipetalum Meijden
Xanthophyllum trichocladum Chodat
Xanthophyllum velutinum Chodat
Xanthophyllum venosum King
Xanthophyllum virens Roxb.
Xanthophyllum vitellinum (Blume) D.Dietr.
Xanthophyllum wrayi King
Xanthophyllum yunnanense C.Y.Wu
Xanthophyllum zeylanicum Meijden

References

^ Roxburgh, William (1819). Plants of the Coast of Coromandel (Digitised, online). Vol. 3. East India Company. pp. 81–2. Retrieved 3 Nov 2013 – via biodiversitylibrary.org.
^ ^a ^b Meijden, R. van der (1988). "Xanthophyllum". In Adema, F.; Leenhouts, P. W.; van Welzen, P. C. (eds.). Flora Malesiana (Digitised, online). Series I, Spermatophyta : Flowering Plants. Vol. 10 pt. 3: Polygalaceae. Leiden, The Netherlands: Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, Leiden University. pp. 493–539. ISBN 90-247-3736-2. Retrieved 3 Nov 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Xanthophyllum Roxb". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c De Wilde, W. J. J. O.; Duyfjes, Brigitta E. E. (March 2007). "Xanthophyllum Roxb." (PDF). In Soepadmo, E.; Saw, L. G.; Chung, R. C. K.; Kiew, Ruth (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions). Vol. 6. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 221–235. ISBN 978-983-2181-89-7. Retrieved 18 March 2014.

External links

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Taxon identifiers
Xanthophyllum	Wikidata: Q784712 Wikispecies: Xanthophyllum APNI: 96256 BioLib: 109469 CoL: 649JB EoL: 2874891 FNA: 135031 FoC: 135031 GBIF: 7293349 GRIN: 12938 iNaturalist: 182119 IPNI: 332067-2 IRMNG: 1000466 NCBI: 85295 Open Tree of Life: 1066595 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:332067-2 Tropicos: 40027021 WFO: wfo-4000040889

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