شام
Arabic
Etymology 1
Proper noun
شَام • (šām) m
- Only used in الشَّام (aš-šām)
Etymology 2
Root |
---|
ش ي م (š y m) |
6 terms |
Pronunciation
Verb
شَامَ • (šāma) I (non-past يَشِيمُ (yašīmu), verbal noun شَيْم (šaym))
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
شَيْم šaym | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
شَائِم šāʔim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَشِيم mašīm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | شِمْتُ šimtu |
شِمْتَ šimta |
شَامَ šāma |
شِمْتُمَا šimtumā |
شَامَا šāmā |
شِمْنَا šimnā |
شِمْتُمْ šimtum |
شَامُوا šāmū | |||
f | شِمْتِ šimti |
شَامَتْ šāmat |
شَامَتَا šāmatā |
شِمْتُنَّ šimtunna |
شِمْنَ šimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَشِيمُ ʔašīmu |
تَشِيمُ tašīmu |
يَشِيمُ yašīmu |
تَشِيمَانِ tašīmāni |
يَشِيمَانِ yašīmāni |
نَشِيمُ našīmu |
تَشِيمُونَ tašīmūna |
يَشِيمُونَ yašīmūna | |||
f | تَشِيمِينَ tašīmīna |
تَشِيمُ tašīmu |
تَشِيمَانِ tašīmāni |
تَشِمْنَ tašimna |
يَشِمْنَ yašimna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَشِيمَ ʔašīma |
تَشِيمَ tašīma |
يَشِيمَ yašīma |
تَشِيمَا tašīmā |
يَشِيمَا yašīmā |
نَشِيمَ našīma |
تَشِيمُوا tašīmū |
يَشِيمُوا yašīmū | |||
f | تَشِيمِي tašīmī |
تَشِيمَ tašīma |
تَشِيمَا tašīmā |
تَشِمْنَ tašimna |
يَشِمْنَ yašimna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَشِمْ ʔašim |
تَشِمْ tašim |
يَشِمْ yašim |
تَشِيمَا tašīmā |
يَشِيمَا yašīmā |
نَشِمْ našim |
تَشِيمُوا tašīmū |
يَشِيمُوا yašīmū | |||
f | تَشِيمِي tašīmī |
تَشِمْ tašim |
تَشِيمَا tašīmā |
تَشِمْنَ tašimna |
يَشِمْنَ yašimna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | شِمْ šim |
شِيمَا šīmā |
شِيمُوا šīmū |
||||||||
f | شِيمِي šīmī |
شِمْنَ šimna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | شِمْتُ šimtu |
شِمْتَ šimta |
شِيمَ šīma |
شِمْتُمَا šimtumā |
شِيمَا šīmā |
شِمْنَا šimnā |
شِمْتُمْ šimtum |
شِيمُوا šīmū | |||
f | شِمْتِ šimti |
شِيمَتْ šīmat |
شِيمَتَا šīmatā |
شِمْتُنَّ šimtunna |
شِمْنَ šimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُشَامُ ʔušāmu |
تُشَامُ tušāmu |
يُشَامُ yušāmu |
تُشَامَانِ tušāmāni |
يُشَامَانِ yušāmāni |
نُشَامُ nušāmu |
تُشَامُونَ tušāmūna |
يُشَامُونَ yušāmūna | |||
f | تُشَامِينَ tušāmīna |
تُشَامُ tušāmu |
تُشَامَانِ tušāmāni |
تُشَمْنَ tušamna |
يُشَمْنَ yušamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُشَامَ ʔušāma |
تُشَامَ tušāma |
يُشَامَ yušāma |
تُشَامَا tušāmā |
يُشَامَا yušāmā |
نُشَامَ nušāma |
تُشَامُوا tušāmū |
يُشَامُوا yušāmū | |||
f | تُشَامِي tušāmī |
تُشَامَ tušāma |
تُشَامَا tušāmā |
تُشَمْنَ tušamna |
يُشَمْنَ yušamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُشَمْ ʔušam |
تُشَمْ tušam |
يُشَمْ yušam |
تُشَامَا tušāmā |
يُشَامَا yušāmā |
نُشَمْ nušam |
تُشَامُوا tušāmū |
يُشَامُوا yušāmū | |||
f | تُشَامِي tušāmī |
تُشَمْ tušam |
تُشَامَا tušāmā |
تُشَمْنَ tušamna |
يُشَمْنَ yušamna |
Verb
شَامَّ • (šāmma) III (non-past يُشَامُّ (yušāmmu), verbal noun مُشَامَّة (mušāmma))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
مُشَامَّة mušāmma | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُشَامّ mušāmm | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُشَامّ mušāmm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | شَامَمْتُ šāmamtu |
شَامَمْتَ šāmamta |
شَامَّ šāmma |
شَامَمْتُمَا šāmamtumā |
شَامَّا šāmmā |
شَامَمْنَا šāmamnā |
شَامَمْتُمْ šāmamtum |
شَامُّوا šāmmū | |||
f | شَامَمْتِ šāmamti |
شَامَّتْ šāmmat |
شَامَّتَا šāmmatā |
شَامَمْتُنَّ šāmamtunna |
شَامَمْنَ šāmamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُشَامُّ ʔušāmmu |
تُشَامُّ tušāmmu |
يُشَامُّ yušāmmu |
تُشَامَّانِ tušāmmāni |
يُشَامَّانِ yušāmmāni |
نُشَامُّ nušāmmu |
تُشَامُّونَ tušāmmūna |
يُشَامُّونَ yušāmmūna | |||
f | تُشَامِّينَ tušāmmīna |
تُشَامُّ tušāmmu |
تُشَامَّانِ tušāmmāni |
تُشَامِمْنَ tušāmimna |
يُشَامِمْنَ yušāmimna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُشَامَّ ʔušāmma |
تُشَامَّ tušāmma |
يُشَامَّ yušāmma |
تُشَامَّا tušāmmā |
يُشَامَّا yušāmmā |
نُشَامَّ nušāmma |
تُشَامُّوا tušāmmū |
يُشَامُّوا yušāmmū | |||
f | تُشَامِّي tušāmmī |
تُشَامَّ tušāmma |
تُشَامَّا tušāmmā |
تُشَامِمْنَ tušāmimna |
يُشَامِمْنَ yušāmimna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُشَامَّ, أُشَامِّ, أُشَامِمْ ʔušāmma, ʔušāmmi, ʔušāmim |
تُشَامَّ, تُشَامِّ, تُشَامِمْ tušāmma, tušāmmi, tušāmim |
يُشَامَّ, يُشَامِّ, يُشَامِمْ yušāmma, yušāmmi, yušāmim |
تُشَامَّا tušāmmā |
يُشَامَّا yušāmmā |
نُشَامَّ, نُشَامِّ, نُشَامِمْ nušāmma, nušāmmi, nušāmim |
تُشَامُّوا tušāmmū |
يُشَامُّوا yušāmmū | |||
f | تُشَامِّي tušāmmī |
تُشَامَّ, تُشَامِّ, تُشَامِمْ tušāmma, tušāmmi, tušāmim |
تُشَامَّا tušāmmā |
تُشَامِمْنَ tušāmimna |
يُشَامِمْنَ yušāmimna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | شَامَّ, شَامِّ, شَامِمْ šāmma, šāmmi, šāmim |
شَامَّا šāmmā |
شَامُّوا šāmmū |
||||||||
f | شَامِّي šāmmī |
شَامِمْنَ šāmimna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | شُومِمْتُ šūmimtu |
شُومِمْتَ šūmimta |
شُومَّ šūmma |
شُومِمْتُمَا šūmimtumā |
شُومَّا šūmmā |
شُومِمْنَا šūmimnā |
شُومِمْتُمْ šūmimtum |
شُومُّوا šūmmū | |||
f | شُومِمْتِ šūmimti |
شُومَّتْ šūmmat |
شُومَّتَا šūmmatā |
شُومِمْتُنَّ šūmimtunna |
شُومِمْنَ šūmimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُشَامُّ ʔušāmmu |
تُشَامُّ tušāmmu |
يُشَامُّ yušāmmu |
تُشَامَّانِ tušāmmāni |
يُشَامَّانِ yušāmmāni |
نُشَامُّ nušāmmu |
تُشَامُّونَ tušāmmūna |
يُشَامُّونَ yušāmmūna | |||
f | تُشَامِّينَ tušāmmīna |
تُشَامُّ tušāmmu |
تُشَامَّانِ tušāmmāni |
تُشَامَمْنَ tušāmamna |
يُشَامَمْنَ yušāmamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُشَامَّ ʔušāmma |
تُشَامَّ tušāmma |
يُشَامَّ yušāmma |
تُشَامَّا tušāmmā |
يُشَامَّا yušāmmā |
نُشَامَّ nušāmma |
تُشَامُّوا tušāmmū |
يُشَامُّوا yušāmmū | |||
f | تُشَامِّي tušāmmī |
تُشَامَّ tušāmma |
تُشَامَّا tušāmmā |
تُشَامَمْنَ tušāmamna |
يُشَامَمْنَ yušāmamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُشَامَّ, أُشَامِّ, أُشَامَمْ ʔušāmma, ʔušāmmi, ʔušāmam |
تُشَامَّ, تُشَامِّ, تُشَامَمْ tušāmma, tušāmmi, tušāmam |
يُشَامَّ, يُشَامِّ, يُشَامَمْ yušāmma, yušāmmi, yušāmam |
تُشَامَّا tušāmmā |
يُشَامَّا yušāmmā |
نُشَامَّ, نُشَامِّ, نُشَامَمْ nušāmma, nušāmmi, nušāmam |
تُشَامُّوا tušāmmū |
يُشَامُّوا yušāmmū | |||
f | تُشَامِّي tušāmmī |
تُشَامَّ, تُشَامِّ, تُشَامَمْ tušāmma, tušāmmi, tušāmam |
تُشَامَّا tušāmmā |
تُشَامَمْنَ tušāmamna |
يُشَامَمْنَ yušāmamna |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “شام”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 473
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “شام”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1634
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “شام”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 690
Burushaski
Etymology
Borrowed from Urdu شام (śām), from Classical Persian شَام (šām).
Pronunciation
Noun
شام (śaam)
References
- Bechtholdt, Astrid (2024) “shaam”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017.
Gujarati
Noun
شام • (śām) f (Lisan ud-Dawat)
- Arabic spelling of શામ (śām)
Noun
شام • (śām) m (Lisan ud-Dawat)
- Arabic spelling of શામ (śām)
Proper noun
شام • (śām) m (Lisan ud-Dawat)
- Arabic spelling of શામ (śām)
Khalaj
Noun
شام (şâm) (definite accusative شامؽ, plural شاملار)
Declension
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām).
Proper noun
شام • (Şâm)
- Damascus (the capital of Syria)
- (historical) Syria (an eyalet in the Ottoman Empire)
- (historical) Syria (a vilayet in the Ottoman Empire)
Synonyms
Descendants
- Turkish: Şam
Etymology 2
Noun
شام • (şâm)
Descendants
- Turkish: şam
References
- Mallouf, Nassif (1856) “Damas”, in Dictionnaire français-turc, 2nd edition, Paris: Maisonneuve, page 146
- Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Şâm”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names][4], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 711
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʃɑːm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʃɒːm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʃɔm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | šām |
Dari reading? | šām |
Iranian reading? | šâm |
Tajik reading? | šom |
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Iranian *xšáfnyah.
Noun
Dari | شام |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | шом |
شام • (šâm)
- dinner, supper (evening meal)
- برای شام چی داریم؟ (more literary) ― barâ-ye šâm či dârim? ― What do we have for dinner?
- شام چی داریم؟ (more colloquial) ― šâm či dârim? ― What do we have for dinner?
- (archaic) dusk
- (archaic) evening
- Synonym: عصر ('asr)
Related terms
- شب (šab)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: şam
- → Gujarati: شام (shām)
- → Hindustani:
- → Khalaj: şâm
- → Ottoman Turkish: شام (şâm)
- Turkish: şam
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Arabic شَام (šām).
Proper noun
Dari | شام |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | Шом |
شام • (šâm)
- Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 89:
- سوی شامست این نشان و این خبر / در ره قدسش ببینی در گذر
- suy-e šâm-ast in nešân o in xabar / dar rah-e qods-aš be-bini dar gozar
- This sign and this information lies in the direction of Syria: you will see it as you pass on the way to Jerusalem.
- Damascus (the capital city of Syria)
- Synonym: دمشق (damešq)
Descendants
- → Urdu: شام (śām)
Soqotri
Alternative forms
- شهام (šhɛm)
Etymology
From Proto-Semitic *šim-. Akin to Mehri [script needed] (hemm), Shehri [script needed] (šum).
Noun
شام (šɛm) m (dual شامي (šɛ́mi), plural شاهم (šóhom))
- name
- 2014, “A Merciful Woman and Diheko”, in Vitaly Naumkin, compiler, Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 1, page 144, line 5:
- ويهاه ملاك وميه شام دحاكو.
- wa-yhe maľák wa-məy šɛm diḥéko
- He was an angel, and his name was Diheko.
References
- Naumkin, Vitaly, et al. (2014) “Glossary”, in Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 1, Leiden: Brill, , →ISBN, page 660
- Naumkin, Vitaly, et al. (2018) “Glossary”, in Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 2, Leiden: Brill, , →ISBN, page 593
- Leslau, Wolf (1938) “šem”, in Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 418
Urdu
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām).
Noun
شام • (śām) f (Hindi spelling शाम)
Declension
Declension of شام | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | شام (śām) | شامیں (śāmẽ) |
oblique | شام (śām) | شاموں (śāmõ) |
vocative | شام (śām) | شامو (śāmo) |
References
- “شام”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “شام”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
Etymology 2
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Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, “Greater Syria; Levant”), from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, “Levant; Damascus”).
Proper noun
شام • (śām) m (Hindi spelling शाम)
- Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)
- (by extension) Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)
See also
- (Middle East) مَشْرِقِ وُسْطیٰ (maśriq-i vustā); سَعُودی عَرَب (sa'ūdī 'arab), مِصْر (misr) عِراق ('irāq), اِیران (īrān), اُرْدُن (urdun), شام (śām), تُرْکِیَہ (turkiya), قِبْرِص (qibris) فِلِسْطِین (filistīn) اِسْرائِیل (isrāīl) لِبْنان (libnān) یَمَن (yaman) عُمان ('umān) مُتَّحِدَہ عَرَب اِمارات (muttahida 'arab imārāt) قَطَر (qatar) بَحْرِین (bahrīn) کُوَیت (kuvait) (Category: ur:Middle East)
Uyghur
Other scripts | |
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Perso-Arabic | شام |
Latin | Sham |
Cyrillic | Шам |
Etymology
Pronunciation
Proper noun
شام • (sham) (plural شاملار (shamlar))
- Damascus (the capital city of Syria)
- Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic proper nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ش ي م
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic hollow form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with ي as second radical
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel i and non-past vowel i
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic form-III verbs
- Arabic geminate form-III verbs
- Burushaski terms borrowed from Urdu
- Burushaski terms derived from Urdu
- Burushaski terms derived from Classical Persian
- Burushaski terms with IPA pronunciation
- Burushaski lemmas
- Burushaski nouns
- bsk:Time
- Gujarati lemmas
- Gujarati nouns
- Gujarati feminine nouns
- Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati
- Gujarati terms in Arabic script
- Gujarati masculine nouns
- Khalaj lemmas
- Khalaj nouns
- Khalaj terms in Arabic script
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish proper nouns
- ota:Cities in Syria
- ota:National capitals
- ota:Places in Syria
- Ottoman Turkish terms with historical senses
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with usage examples
- Persian terms with archaic senses
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian proper nouns
- fa:Regions of Asia
- Persian terms with quotations
- fa:Cities in Syria
- fa:National capitals
- fa:Places in Syria
- Soqotri terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
- Soqotri terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Soqotri lemmas
- Soqotri nouns
- Soqotri masculine nouns
- Soqotri terms with quotations
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːm
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɑːm/1 syllable
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- Urdu nouns with declension
- Visual dictionary
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root ش م ل
- Urdu proper nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- ur:Syria
- ur:Countries in Asia
- ur:Countries
- ur:Regions of Asia
- ur:Middle East
- ur:Times of day
- ur:Time
- Uyghur terms derived from Arabic
- Uyghur 1-syllable words
- Uyghur terms with IPA pronunciation
- Uyghur lemmas
- Uyghur proper nouns
- Uyghur countable proper nouns
- ug:Cities in Syria
- ug:National capitals
- ug:Places in Syria
- ug:Regions of Asia