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ἅγιος

ἅγιος

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See also: άγιος

Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 3 August 2017

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hágijos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yáǵ-yo-s, from *h₁yaǵ- (“to sacrifice, worship”).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Adjective

ἅγιος • (hágios) m (feminine ἁγίᾱ, neuter ἅγῐον); first/second declension

  1. devoted to the gods
  2. of things: sacred, holy
    • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.41.5:
      ἐν ταύτῃ ὦ τῇ Προσωπίτιδι νήσῳ ἔνεισι μὲν καὶ ἄλλαι πόλιες συχναί, ἐκ τῆς δὲ αἱ βάριες παραγίνονται ἀναιρησόμεναι τὰ ὀστέα τῶν βοῶν, οὔνομα τῇ πόλι Ἀτάρβηχις, ἐν δ’ αὐτῇ Ἀφροδίτης ἱρὸν ἅγιον ἵδρυται.
      en taútēi ô têi Prosōpítidi nḗsōi éneisi mèn kaì állai pólies sukhnaí, ek tês dè hai báries paragínontai anairēsómenai tà ostéa tôn boôn, oúnoma têi póli Atárbēkhis, en d’ autêi Aphrodítēs hiròn hágion hídrutai.
      • 1920 translation by A. D. Godley
        There are many other towns on Prosopitis; the one from which the boats come to gather the bones of the bulls is called Atarbekhis; a temple of Aphrodite stands in it of great sanctity.
  3. of people: holy, pious, pure
  4. accursed

Declension

First and second declension of ἅγῐος; ἁγῐ́ᾱ; ἅγῐον (Attic)
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case/Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative ἅγῐος
hágios 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἅγῐοι
hágioi 		ἅγῐαι
hágiai 		ἅγῐᾰ
hágia
Genitive ἁγῐ́ου
hagíou 		ἁγῐ́ᾱς
hagíās 		ἁγῐ́ου
hagíou 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́αιν
hagíain 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́ων
hagíōn 		ἁγῐ́ων
hagíōn 		ἁγῐ́ων
hagíōn
Dative ἁγῐ́ῳ
hagíōi 		ἁγῐ́ᾳ
hagíāi 		ἁγῐ́ῳ
hagíōi 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́αιν
hagíain 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́οις
hagíois 		ἁγῐ́αις
hagíais 		ἁγῐ́οις
hagíois
Accusative ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ᾱν
hagíān 		ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ους
hagíous 		ἁγῐ́ᾱς
hagíās 		ἅγῐᾰ
hágia
Vocative ἅγῐε
hágie 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἅγῐοι
hágioi 		ἅγῐαι
hágiai 		ἅγῐᾰ
hágia
Derived forms Adverb Comparative Superlative
ἁγῐ́ως
hagíōs 		ἁγῐώτερος
hagiṓteros 		ἁγῐώτᾰτος
hagiṓtatos
Notes:
First and second declension of ἅγῐος; ἁγῐ́ᾱ; ἅγῐον (Laconian)
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case/Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative ἅγῐος
hágios 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἅγῐοι
hágioi 		ἅγῐαι
hágiai 		ἅγῐᾰ
hágia
Genitive ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ᾱς
hagíās 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́αιν
hagíain 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́ων
hagíōn 		ἁγῐᾶν
hagiân 		ἁγῐ́ων
hagíōn
Dative ἁγῐ́ῳ
hagíōi 		ἁγῐ́ᾳ
hagíāi 		ἁγῐ́ῳ
hagíōi 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́αιν
hagíain 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́οις
hagíois 		ἁγῐ́αις
hagíais 		ἁγῐ́οις
hagíois
Accusative ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ᾱν
hagíān 		ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ως
hagíōs 		ἁγῐ́ᾱς
hagíās 		ἁγῐ́ως
hagíōs
Vocative ἅγῐε
hágie 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἅγῐοι
hágioi 		ἅγῐαι
hágiai 		ἅγῐᾰ
hágia
Derived forms Adverb Comparative Superlative
ἁγῐ́ως
hagíōs 		ἁγῐώτερος
hagiṓteros 		ἁγῐώτᾰτος
hagiṓtatos
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
First and second declension of ἅγῐος; ἁγῐ́η; ἅγῐον (Ionic)
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case/Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative ἅγῐος
hágios 		ἁγῐ́η
hagíē 		ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἅγῐοι
hágioi 		ἅγῐαι
hágiai 		ἅγῐᾰ
hágia
Genitive ἁγῐ́ου
hagíou 		ἁγῐ́ης
hagíēs 		ἁγῐ́ου
hagíou 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́αιν
hagíain 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́ων
hagíōn 		ἁγῐέων / ἁγῐῶν
hagiéōn / hagiôn 		ἁγῐ́ων
hagíōn
Dative ἁγῐ́ῳ
hagíōi 		ἁγῐ́ῃ
hagíēi 		ἁγῐ́ῳ
hagíōi 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́αιν
hagíain 		ἁγῐ́οιν
hagíoin 		ἁγῐ́οισῐ / ἁγῐ́οισῐν / ἁγῐ́οις
hagíoisi(n) / hagíois 		ἁγῐ́ῃσῐ / ἁγῐ́ῃσῐν
hagíēisi(n) 		ἁγῐ́οισῐ / ἁγῐ́οισῐν / ἁγῐ́οις
hagíoisi(n) / hagíois
Accusative ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ην
hagíēn 		ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ους
hagíous 		ἁγῐ́ᾱς
hagíās 		ἅγῐᾰ
hágia
Vocative ἅγῐε
hágie 		ἁγῐ́η
hagíē 		ἅγῐον
hágion 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἁγῐ́ᾱ
hagíā 		ἁγῐ́ω
hagíō 		ἅγῐοι
hágioi 		ἅγῐαι
hágiai 		ἅγῐᾰ
hágia
Derived forms Adverb Comparative Superlative
ἁγῐ́ως
hagíōs 		ἁγῐώτερος
hagiṓteros 		ἁγῐώτᾰτος
hagiṓtatos
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

  • Greek: άγιος (ágios)
  • → Coptic: ϩⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ (hagios)
  • →⇒ English: hagio-
  • →⇒ French: hagio-

Noun

ἅγιος • (hágios) m (genitive ἁγίου); second declension

  1. (Koine, biblical) A Christian
    • 53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 6:1:
      Τολμᾷ τις ὑμῶν, πρᾶγμα ἔχων πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον, κρίνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων καὶ οὐχὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων;
      Tolmâi tis humôn, prâgma ékhōn pròs tòn héteron, krínesthai epì tôn adíkōn kaì oukhì epì tôn hagíōn;
      • Translation by King James Version
        Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law before the unjust, and not before the saints?
  2. (Koine, Byzantine) a saint

Declension

Second declension of ὁ ἅγιος; τοῦ ἁγίου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Plural
Nominative ὁ ἅγιος
ho hágios 		οἱ ἅγιοι
hoi hágioi
Genitive τοῦ ἁγίου
toû hagíou 		τῶν ἁγίων
tôn hagíōn
Dative τῷ ἁγίῳ
tôi hagíōi 		τοῖς ἁγίοις
toîs hagíois
Accusative τὸν ἅγιον
tòn hágion 		τοὺς ἁγίους
toùs hagíous
Vocative ἅγιε
hágie 		ἅγιοι
hágioi
Notes:

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἅγιος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 11-2

Further reading

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