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  1. Wiktionary
  2. 矣
矣

矣

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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矣 U+77E3, 矣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E3
← 矢
[U+77E2]
CJK Unified Ideographs 矤 →
[U+77E4]

Contents

  • 1 Translingual
    • 1.1 Han character
      • 1.1.1 Derived characters
      • 1.1.2 References
  • 2 Chinese
    • 2.1 Glyph origin
    • 2.2 Etymology 1
      • 2.2.1 Pronunciation
      • 2.2.2 Definitions
        • 2.2.2.1 Synonyms
      • 2.2.3 Compounds
    • 2.3 Etymology 2
      • 2.3.1 Pronunciation
      • 2.3.2 Definitions
        • 2.3.2.1 Synonyms
    • 2.4 Etymology 3
      • 2.4.1 Pronunciation
      • 2.4.2 Definitions
  • 3 Japanese
    • 3.1 Kanji
      • 3.1.1 Readings
  • 4 Korean
    • 4.1 Hanja
  • 5 Vietnamese
    • 5.1 Han character

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

矣 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈人大 (IOK), four-corner 23430, composition ⿱厶矢)

Derived characters

[edit]
  • 俟, 诶, 𠤘, 唉, 埃, 娭, 挨, 涘, 𡱢, 𢈟, 𢏦, 𢓪, 𢚝, 𫘤, 㶼, 㸻, 欸, 逘, 𦮸, 𫞀, 𬂼, 䀵, 竢, 𤶗, 𥏖, 𥒲, 𬭐, 𦩈, 𦩉, 𪠠, 𫆆, 誒, 𬦑, 𥏳, 𨧚, 𨴱, 騃, 𬵖

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 823, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23931
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2580, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+77E3

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 矣
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (矣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唉 *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ
埃 *qlɯː
欸 *qɯː, *qʰrɯːs
娭 *qɯː, *qʰlɯ
挨 *qlɯːʔ, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ
騃 *ŋrɯːʔ, *sɢrɯʔ
俟 *sɢrɯʔ, *ɡlɯl
竢 *sɢrɯʔ
涘 *sɢrɯʔ
誒 *qʰlɯ
矣 *ɢlɯʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɢlɯʔ) : phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 矢 (“arrow”). 矢 (OC *hliʔ) may also act as a phonetic component.

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad. 矣
simp. # 矣
alternative forms 𠤘
𢦕
𡗞

Pulleyblank (1995) tentatively suggests a connection to adverb 已 (OC *lɯʔ, “already, perfective marker”), drawing a parallel with the 了₁ (perfective particle) and 了₂ (change of state modal particle) meanings of 了 (le), but doubts that they are etymologically related, suggesting the connection may be purely semantic and for aspectual functions.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐ (yi3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ji5
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yi4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): í
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yi1
  • Northern Min (KCR): ì
  • Eastern Min (BUC): é
  • Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): í / --i / ì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): in7 / i7
  • Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yi
  • Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): i3

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: yǐ
      • Zhuyin: ㄧˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: yǐ
      • Wade–Giles: i3
      • Yale: yǐ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yii
      • Palladius: и (i)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /i²¹⁴/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
      • Jyutping: ji5
      • Yale: yíh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: ji5
      • Guangdong Romanization: yi5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jiː¹³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: yi4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ji²¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: í
      • Hakka Romanization System: iˋ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: i3
      • Sinological IPA: /i³¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: yi1
      • Sinological IPA: /i⁴⁴/
  • Northern Min
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ì
      • Sinological IPA (key): /i⁴²/
  • Eastern Min
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: é
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɛi²¹³/
  • Southern Min
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í
      • Tâi-lô: í
      • Phofsit Daibuun: ie
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /i⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: --i
      • Tâi-lô: --i
    • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ì
      • Tâi-lô: ì
      • Phofsit Daibuun: ix
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /i¹¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: in7 / i7
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: īⁿ / ī
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ĩ¹¹/, /i¹¹/
  • Wu
    • (Northern: Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 6yi
      • MiniDict: yi去
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3hhi
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: i3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /i⁴¹/

  • Middle Chinese: hiX
Rime
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于紀切
Baxter hiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɨX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦɨX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦɨX/
Li
Rong
/ɣiəX/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ji5
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢlɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ hiX ›
Old
Chinese
/*qəʔ/ (atonic)
English (final particle)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矣
Reading # 1/1
No. 14950
Phonetic
component
矣
Rime
group
之
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
矣
Old
Chinese
/*ɢlɯʔ/
Notes 說文以聲,金文從丩矢或爲矢聲

Definitions

[edit]

矣

  1. (literary) Particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
  2. (literary) Particle expressing exclamation, similar to 啦 (la) in Standard Mandarin.
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese 矣1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 了
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 了
Taiwan 了
Harbin 了
Malaysia 了
Singapore 了
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 了
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 了
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 了
Wanrong 嘮
Xi'an 咧
Xuzhou 了
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 了
Ürümqi 咧
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 了
Wuhan 了
Guiyang 了
Guilin 了
Liuzhou 了
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 了
Yangzhou 了
Cantonese Guangzhou 咗, 嘵 obsolete
Hong Kong 咗
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 咗
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 咗
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 耗
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 好
Macau 咗, 敲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 咗
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 咗
Guangzhou (Conghua) 咗
Foshan 咗
Foshan (Sanshui) 咗
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 咗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 哺
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 咗
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 誒, 咗
Taishan 誒
Kaiping (Chikan) 誒
Enping (Niujiang) 誒
Dongguan 敲
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 好
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 後, 咗
Qingyuan 咗
Fogang 咗
Yingde (Hanguang) 咗
Shaoguan 咗
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 咗
Renhua 咗
Lechang 咗
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 咗
Xinxing 標
Luoding 咗
Yangjiang 都
Nanning 嗮
Nanning (Tanka) 嗮
Wuzhou 啊
Hepu (Lianzhou) 了
Guiping 畢
Guiping (Mule) 開, 了
Pingnan 開
Guigang (Gangcheng) 開
Guigang (Pingdong) 開, 了
Beihai 了
Beihai (Nankang) 了
Beihai (Yingpan) 了
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 了, 咗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 咗
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 了, 咗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咗
Singapore (Guangfu) 咗
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 咗
Móng Cái 了, 咗
Gan Nanchang 了
Lichuan 了
Hakka Meixian 了
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 拋, 阿
Dongguan (Qingxi) 開
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 開
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 開
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 哩
Wuhua (Huacheng) 哩
Wuhua (Changbu) 哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 哩
Yudu 了
Hong Kong 開
Senai (Huiyang) 開
Kuching (Hepo) 了
Huizhou Jixi 了
Jin Taiyuan 咾
Xinzhou 咾
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 了
Northern Min Jian'ou 了
Eastern Min Fuzhou 了, 𡅏
Southern Min Penang (Hokkien) 了
Singapore (Hokkien) 了
Manila (Hokkien) 了, 囉
Chaozhou 了
Shantou 了
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 了
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 了
Wu Shanghai 仔, 了
Shanghai (Chongming) 仔
Suzhou 仔
Hangzhou 得, 了
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 得, 了
Ningbo 仔
Wenzhou 爻
Jinhua 了

Compounds

[edit]
  • 久矣
  • 何彼襛矣/何彼&#199930;矣
  • 吾道東矣/吾道东矣
  • 垂垂老矣 (chuíchuílǎoyǐ)
  • 大事去矣
  • 已矣
  • 悔之晚矣 (huǐ zhī wǎn yǐ)
  • 方寸亂矣/方寸乱矣
  • 早聞道,夕死可矣/早闻道,夕死可矣 (zǎo wén dào, xī sǐ kě yǐ)
  • 朝聞道,夕死可矣/朝闻道,夕死可矣 (zhāo wén dào, xī sǐ kě yǐ)
  • 此言差矣
  • 皇矣
  • 瞠乎後矣/瞠乎后矣
  • 瞻彼洛矣
  • 耳矣
 

Etymology 2

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Reduced form of 啦 (--lah) or 了 (liáu)? Compare Min Dong 了 (lāu) and Hakka 了 (lê; ê)”)

trad. 矣
simp. # 矣
alternative forms 啊

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): ê3
  • Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): --a / --ah

  • Hakka
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ê3
      • Sinological IPA: /e³¹/
  • Southern Min
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: --a
      • Tâi-lô: --a
    • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: --ah
      • Tâi-lô: --ah

Definitions

[edit]

矣

  1. (Hokkien, dialectal Hakka) Sentence-final particle expressing completion, similar to 了 (le) in Standard Mandarin.
    我食飽矣/我食饱矣 [Taiwanese Hokkien]  ―  Góa chia̍h-pá--ah [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  I've eaten already. / I am now full.
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 了 (“(perfective particle)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese 矣1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 了
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 了
Taiwan 了
Harbin 了
Malaysia 了
Singapore 了
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 了
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 了
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 了
Wanrong 嘮
Xi'an 咧
Xuzhou 了
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 了
Ürümqi 咧
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 了
Wuhan 了
Guiyang 了
Guilin 了
Liuzhou 了
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 了
Yangzhou 了
Cantonese Guangzhou 咗, 嘵 obsolete
Hong Kong 咗
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 咗
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 咗
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 耗
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 好
Macau 咗, 敲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 咗
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 咗
Guangzhou (Conghua) 咗
Foshan 咗
Foshan (Sanshui) 咗
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 咗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 哺
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 咗
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 誒, 咗
Taishan 誒
Kaiping (Chikan) 誒
Enping (Niujiang) 誒
Dongguan 敲
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 好
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 後, 咗
Qingyuan 咗
Fogang 咗
Yingde (Hanguang) 咗
Shaoguan 咗
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 咗
Renhua 咗
Lechang 咗
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 咗
Xinxing 標
Luoding 咗
Yangjiang 都
Nanning 嗮
Nanning (Tanka) 嗮
Wuzhou 啊
Hepu (Lianzhou) 了
Guiping 畢
Guiping (Mule) 開, 了
Pingnan 開
Guigang (Gangcheng) 開
Guigang (Pingdong) 開, 了
Beihai 了
Beihai (Nankang) 了
Beihai (Yingpan) 了
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 了, 咗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 咗
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 了, 咗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咗
Singapore (Guangfu) 咗
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 咗
Móng Cái 了, 咗
Gan Nanchang 了
Lichuan 了
Hakka Meixian 了
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 拋, 阿
Dongguan (Qingxi) 開
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 開
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 開
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 哩
Wuhua (Huacheng) 哩
Wuhua (Changbu) 哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 哩
Yudu 了
Hong Kong 開
Senai (Huiyang) 開
Kuching (Hepo) 了
Huizhou Jixi 了
Jin Taiyuan 咾
Xinzhou 咾
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 了
Northern Min Jian'ou 了
Eastern Min Fuzhou 了, 𡅏
Southern Min Penang (Hokkien) 了
Singapore (Hokkien) 了
Manila (Hokkien) 了, 囉
Chaozhou 了
Shantou 了
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 了
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 了
Wu Shanghai 仔, 了
Shanghai (Chongming) 仔
Suzhou 仔
Hangzhou 得, 了
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 得, 了
Ningbo 仔
Wenzhou 爻
Jinhua 了

Etymology 3

[edit]
trad. 矣
simp. # 矣

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xián (xian2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: xián
      • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: sián
      • Wade–Giles: hsien2
      • Yale: syán
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
      • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

Definitions

[edit]

矣

  1. † Transcription of the word for rhinoceros in a language used in ancient Yunnan.
    • 犀謂之矣(讀如咸)。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      犀谓之矣(读如咸)。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 8
      Xī wèi zhī xián (dú rú xián). [Pinyin]
      Rhinoceroses are known as 矣 (read as 咸).

Japanese

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Kanji

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矣

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. kanbun (Literary Chinese) sentence particle

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): い (i)

Korean

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Hanja

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矣 (eumhun 어조사 의 (eojosa ui))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

[edit]

矣: Hán Nôm readings: hỉ, hở, hỹ, hẻ, hĩ, hơi, hãy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=矣&oldid=80946636"
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