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  2. Wiktionary
  3. 葛藤
葛藤

葛藤

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Chinese

coarse grass linen rattan; cane
trad. (葛藤) 葛 藤
simp. #(葛藤) 葛 藤

Etymology

figurative sense
From the tendency of the vines of kudzu and rattan to become entangled.

Pronunciation

Note: Often mispronounced as gěténg.
Rime
Character 葛 藤
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 曷 (63) 登 (129)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 古達切 徒登切
Baxter kat dong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑt̚/ /dəŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑt̚/ /dəŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑt̚/ /dəŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kat̚/ /dəŋ/
Li
Rong 		/kɑt̚/ /dəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/kɑt̚/ /dəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kɑt̚/ /dʱəŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ge téng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		got3 tang4

Noun

葛藤

  1. kudzu plant
  2. (figurative, literary) complicated relationships; complications

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (葛藤):
  • → Japanese: 葛藤(かっとう) (kattō)
  • → Korean: 갈등(葛藤) (galdeung)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
葛 藤
かつ > かっ
Grade: S 		とう
Grade: S
on'yomi

From the tendency of the vines of 葛(かずら) (kazura, “creeper”) or 藤(ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”) to become entangled.

Noun

葛(かっ)藤(とう) • (kattō) 

  1. conflict, complications
    • 2012-03-30, mothy [mothy] (lyrics and music), “針音ノ時計塔 [Handbeat Clocktower]”‎[1]:
      時(じ)間(かん)と葛(かっ)藤(とう)を心(こころ)に刻(きざ)みつける
      Jikan to kattō o kokoro ni kizamitsukeru
      Time and conflict, they strongly etch onto my heart

Verb

葛(かっ)藤(とう)する • (kattō suru) transitive suru (stem 葛(かっ)藤(とう)し (kattō shi), past 葛(かっ)藤(とう)した (kattō shita))

  1. to battle with
Conjugation
Conjugation of "葛藤する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 葛藤し かっとうし kattō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 葛藤し かっとうし kattō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 葛藤する かっとうする kattō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 葛藤する かっとうする kattō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 葛藤すれ かっとうすれ kattō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 葛藤せよ¹
葛藤しろ² 		かっとうせよ¹
かっとうしろ² 		kattō seyo¹
kattō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 葛藤される かっとうされる kattō sareru
Causative 葛藤させる
葛藤さす 		かっとうさせる
かっとうさす 		kattō saseru
kattō sasu
Potential 葛藤できる かっとうできる kattō dekiru
Volitional 葛藤しよう かっとうしよう kattō shiyō
Negative 葛藤しない かっとうしない kattō shinai
Negative continuative 葛藤せず かっとうせず kattō sezu
Formal 葛藤します かっとうします kattō shimasu
Perfective 葛藤した かっとうした kattō shita
Conjunctive 葛藤して かっとうして kattō shite
Hypothetical conditional 葛藤すれば かっとうすれば kattō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
葛 藤
つづら
Grade: S 		ふじ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun

葛(つづら)藤(ふじ) or 葛藤(ツヅラフジ) • (tsuzurafuji) 

  1. Synonym of 大葛藤 (“Chinese moonseed, Sinomenium acutum”)
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Korean

Hanja in this term
葛藤

Noun

葛藤 • (galdeung) (hangeul 갈등)

  1. hanja form? of 갈등 (“discord, conflict”)
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