카다
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Korean
Alternative forms
- 커다 (keoda) — more common in the Ulsan area
- 쿠다 (kuda) — more common in Jinju and other parts of western South Gyeongsang
Etymology
A lexicalized contraction of 고 (-go, “that”, connective or indirect quotative suffix) + 하다 (hada, “to say; to do”). Sometimes alternatively connected to Standard Seoul Korean 그렇게 하다 (geureoke hada, “to do thus, to speak thus”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [카다]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | kada |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kada |
McCune–Reischauer? | k'ada |
Yale Romanization? | khata |
Verb
카다 • (kada) (infinitive 캐 or 카여, sequential 카니)
- (Gyeongsang) to say that; follows an explicit or implicit quotation
- 가가 머라 카노? ― Ga-ga meo-ra kano? ― What is he saying?
- 가삐라고 니가 캤나? ― Ga-ppira-go ni-ga kaenna? ― Was it you who told me to go away?
- 2012, 이승현 [iseunghyeon], 안녕, 마징가: 담쟁이 문고 [annyeong, majingga: damjaeng'i mun'go], 실천문학사 [silcheonmunhaksa], →ISBN:
- 2018, 이상원 [isang'won], “'홍준표 쫓가내야'…‘인물’ 강조하는 포항시민들 [hongjunpyo jjotganaeya …‘inmul’ gangjohaneun pohangsimindeul]”, in Newsmin[2]:
- 손주가 지진 났을 때 '할매 안 무섭더나' 카더라. 내가 '할매는 안 무섭다' 그랬다. '할매는 지진보다 더 무서운 동란도 봤다'고 캤다.
- Sonju-ga jijin nasseul ttae halmae an museopdeona kadeora. Nae-ga halmae-neun an museopda geuraetda. Halmae-neun jijin-boda deo museoun dongnan-do bwatda go kaetda.
- When there was the earthquake, my grandchild said, "Grandmother, weren't you scared?" I told them, "Grandmother isn't scared." I said, "I've seen a war which was even scarier than an earthquake."
- (Gyeongsang) to intend to, to try to
- (Gyeongsang) be about to
- 1985, 조부돌 [jobudol], 한국구비문학대계 7집 14책: 경북 달성군 편 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye 7jip 14chaek: gyeongbuk dalseonggun pyeon, Compendium of Korean Oral Literature, Volume 7, Issue 14: Dalseong County, North Gyeongsang Province], Academy of Korean Studies, page 603:
- (Gyeongsang) to make someone do
Usage notes
The use of this verb is one of the most fundamental and best-known isoglosses of the Gyeongsang dialect.
Synonyms
- (all definitions) 하다 (hada, Standard Seoul)
Derived terms
- 카더라 (kadeora, “rumor”)
References
- 김영태 [gimyeongtae] (1989) “경북 방언 '카다'용언에 대하여 [gyeongbuk bang'eon kada yong'eone daehayeo, On the khata root of the North Gyeongsang dialect]”, in Daegu eomun nonchong, volume 7, pages 1—16
- 정인호 [jeong'inho] (2019) “경상방언의 인용동사 {카다}의 형성에 대하여 [On the formation of the quotative verb khata in the Gyeongsang dialect]”, in Urimalgeul, volume 82, pages 149—168