-unk
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Hungarian
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *-mVk (“our one possession”) or Proto-Uralic *-n-mVk (“our multiple possessions”). Cognate with Moksha -нк (-nk, “our one or multiple possessions”).
Pronunciation
Suffix
-unk
- (personal suffix) Forms the first-person plural present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
- (possessive suffix) our (first-person plural, single possession)
- (personal-pronoun suffix) of us (appended to a numeral or a pronoun)
Usage notes
- (personal suffix) Variants:
- -unk is added to back-vowel verbs
- -ünk is added to front-vowel verbs
Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
-ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
-ik verbs | -ik | |||
mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
Possessive suffixes
Person | Single possession | Plural possession | |
---|---|---|---|
én | 1st person singular | -m/-om/-am/-em/-öm | -im/-aim/-eim/-jaim/-jeim |
te | 2nd person singular | -d/-od/-ad/-ed/-öd | -id/-aid/-eid/-jaid/-jeid |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | -a/-e/-ja/-je | -i/-ai/-ei/-jai/-jei |
mi | 1st person plural | -nk/-unk/-ünk | -ink/-aink/-eink/-jaink/-jeink |
ti | 2nd person plural | -tok/-tek/-tök/-otok/-atok/-etek/-ötök | -itok/-itek/-aitok/-eitek/-jaitok/-jeitek |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -uk/-ük/-juk/-jük | -ik/-aik/-eik/-jaik/-jeik |
- (personal-pronoun suffix) Variants:
Personal-pronoun suffixes
Declension
(possessive suffix and personal-pronoun suffix):
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -unk | — |
accusative | -unkat | — |
dative | -unknak | — |
instrumental | -unkkal | — |
causal-final | -unkért | — |
translative | -unkká | — |
terminative | -unkig | — |
essive-formal | -unkként | — |
essive-modal | -unkul | — |
inessive | -unkban | — |
superessive | -unkon | — |
adessive | -unknál | — |
illative | -unkba | — |
sublative | -unkra | — |
allative | -unkhoz | — |
elative | -unkból | — |
delative | -unkról | — |
ablative | -unktól | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
-unké | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
-unkéi | — |