kakak
Indonesian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Malay kakak (“older sister”), from Classical Malay kakak, from Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.
- For sense of older brother, semantic loan from Hokkien 哥哥 (ko-ko, “older brother”) and semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).
- For sense of form of address to husband in marital relationship, semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).
Noun
kakak (plural kakak-kakak, first-person possessive kakakku, second-person possessive kakakmu, third-person possessive kakaknya)
- (literally or figuratively, formal) older sibling
- (literally or figuratively, chiefly Sumatra and Kalimantan) older sister
- (literally or figuratively, chiefly Jakarta and Java) older brother
- (chiefly Jakarta) a form of address to an older person (same generation or one generation before)
- (colloquial) a form of address to any stranger
Usage notes
- In common situations, kakak may be used to address older sibling (brothers or sisters, gender neutral). But, in area with Malay as native language, kakak is only used to address older sisters, as in Standard Malay kakak.
- In formal situations (e.g. to address a customer), kakak may be used to address someone with impression she/he is not 'old person' (youthful nuance).
Alternative forms
Synonyms
- (older sister): see Thesaurus:kakak
- (older brother): see Thesaurus:abang
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Onomatopoeic, compare to Tagalog kakak.
Root
kakak
Derived terms
Further reading
- “kakak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese
Romanization
kakak
- Romanization of ꦏꦏꦏ꧀.
Malay
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.
Pronunciation
Noun
kakak (Jawi spelling کاکق, plural kakak-kakak, informal 1st possessive kakakku, 2nd possessive kakakmu, 3rd possessive kakaknya)
- sister (older woman or girl having the same parents)
- (rare) sibling (older person who shares same parents)
- (rare) brother (older male sibling)
- term of address for a female acquaintance who is a bit older
Synonyms
Derived terms
Related terms
Tagalog
Alternative forms
Etymology
Onomatopoeic. Compare Indonesian kakak.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈkakak/ [ˈkaː.xɐk̚]
- Rhymes: -akak
- Syllabification: ka‧kak
Noun
kakak (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜃᜃ᜔)
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- “kakak”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Indonesian semantic loans from Hokkien
- Indonesian terms derived from Hokkien
- Indonesian semantic loans from Javanese
- Indonesian terms derived from Javanese
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian palindromes
- Indonesian formal terms
- Sumatran Indonesian
- Kalimantan Indonesian
- Jakarta Indonesian
- Javanese Indonesian
- Indonesian colloquialisms
- Indonesian onomatopoeias
- Indonesian roots
- id:Family
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Javanese palindromes
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay 2-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/akaʔ
- Rhymes:Malay/kaʔ
- Rhymes:Malay/aʔ
- Rhymes:Malay/aʔ/2 syllables
- Malay terms with audio links
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malay palindromes
- Malay terms with rare senses
- ms:Family
- Tagalog onomatopoeias
- Tagalog 2-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/akak
- Rhymes:Tagalog/akak/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog palindromes
- tl:Animal sounds