nap
Translingual
Symbol
nap
English
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /nap/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
- (US) IPA(key): /næp/
- Rhymes: -æp
- Homophone: knap
Etymology 1
From Middle English nappen, from Old English hnappian (“to doze, slumber, sleep”), from Proto-West Germanic *hnappōn (“to nap”). Cognate with Old High German hnaffezan, hnaffezzan (whence Middle High German nafzen (“to slumber”) whence German dialectal napfezen, nafzen (“to nod, slumber, nap”)).
Verb
nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
- To have a nap; to sleep for a short period of time, especially during the day.
- (figuratively) To be off one's guard.
- The regulators were caught napping by the financial collapse.
- 1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:
- I took thee napping, unprepared.
Derived terms
Translations
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Etymology 2
From Middle English nap, from the verb nappen.
Noun
nap (plural naps)
- A short period of sleep, especially one during the day.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:shut-eye, Thesaurus:sleep
Derived terms
Translations
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See also
See Appendix:Collocations of do, have, make, and take for collocations of nap.
Etymology 3
From late Middle English noppe, nappe, from Middle Dutch and Middle Low German noppe, noppen (“to trim the nap”), ultimately from knappen (“to eat, crack”), of imitative origin. Related to the first element of knapsack.
Noun
nap (countable and uncountable, plural naps)
- A soft or fuzzy surface, generally on fabric or leather.
- 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- I tell thee, Jack Cade the clothier means to dress the commonwealth, and turn it, and set a new nap upon it.
- 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “16”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
- On his long, gaunt body, he carried no spare flesh, no superfluous beard, his chin having a soft, economical nap to it, like the worn nap of his broad-brimmed hat.
- 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 37:
- There were low bookshelves, there was a thick pinkish Chinese rug in which a gopher could have spent a week without showing his nose above the nap.
- 1961, Skyline, page 9:
- THEY CALL IT the "nap of the Earth," that area from the ground to the level of surrounding trees and hills, the thin rug of foliage and rock folds at the Earth's skin line that has become all-important to the United States Army.
- 1987, Some Data Processing Requirements for Precision Nap-Of-the-Earth (NOE) Guidance and Control of Rotorcraft:
- If incorporated in automatic guidance, this practical pursuit adjustment will enhance pilot acceptance of automatic guidance in following nap-of-the-earth profiles with precision.
- The common direction, on some kinds of fabric, of the hairs making up the pile.
- If the fabric has a nap, make sure all pieces are cut with the nap going the same direction.
- 1969, Classic Car, volumes 17-19, page 32:
- Instead of grinding the pistons straight around the axis, they are ground diagonally with a special-built machine. As a result, the “nap” of the metal is turned in such a way that, when it meets the “nap” of the cylinder wall, both surfaces quickly develop a high finish which removes the danger of scoring a piston.
Derived terms
Translations
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Verb
nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
Etymology 4
From the name of the French emperor Napoleon I of France.
Noun
nap (countable and uncountable, plural naps)
- (British) A type of bet in British horse racing, based on the experts' best tips.
- 2005, Leighton Vaughan-Williams, The Economics of Gambling, page 71:
- 4. Races run on English, Welsh or Scottish racecourses. This criterion was included so that media tipsters [sic] nap selections in general could be analysed; the source of naps, The Racing Rag 'tipster table', summarises the nap selections of newspaper tipsters, who restrict their selection to horses running at racecourses in these countries.
- (uncountable, card games) A card game in which players take tricks; properly Napoleon.
- A bid to take five tricks in the card game Napoleon.
Derived terms
Translations
Etymology 5
Probably of North Germanic origin, from Old Swedish nappa (“to pluck, pinch”). Related to nab.
Verb
nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
Derived terms
Etymology 6
From French napper, from nappe (“nape”).
Verb
nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)
- (cooking) To cover (something) with a sauce. (usually in the passive)
- 2006, Wayne Gisslen, Mary Ellen Griffin, Professional Cooking for Canadian Chefs:
- Vanilla ice cream topped with a poached or canned pear half, napped with chocolate sauce, and garnished with toasted sliced almonds.
Etymology 7
From Middle English nap (“a bowl”), from Old English hnæpp (“a cup, bowl”), from Proto-West Germanic *hnapp, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz (“a cup, bowl”). Cognate with Dutch nap (“drinking cup”), Low German Napp (“bowl, cup”), German Napf (“bowl”), Icelandic hnappur (“button, key”). Doublet of hanap. See also nappy.
Noun
nap (plural naps)
- (Northern England, Scotland) A cup, bowl.
References
Anagrams
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Old Catalan nap, from Latin nāpus.
Pronunciation
Noun
nap m (plural naps)
References
- “nap” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “nap”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “nap” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “nap” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chuukese
Adjective
nap
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch nap, from Old Dutch nap, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
nap m (plural nappen, diminutive napje n)
- drinking cup
Derived terms
Anagrams
Hungarian
Etymology
Of unknown origin.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
nap (plural napok)
- day
- Egy hét hét napból áll. ― A week consists of seven days.
- sun (also written Nap in astronomical context), (in compounds) solar
- Süt a nap. ― The sun is shining.
- napszél ― solar wind
- naprendszer ― solar system
Usage notes
(day):
Adverbs of temporal nouns (see also: Appendix:Hungarian words of time) | |
---|---|
no suffix (the noun can act as an adverb) |
nappal (“daytime”), reggel (“early morning”), délelőtt (“late morning”), délután (“afternoon”), este (“evening”), éjjel / éjszaka (“night”), and vasárnap (“Sunday”) |
-kor (“at”) | pirkadat / virradat (“dawn”), napkelte (“sunrise”), napnyugta (“sunset”), alkonyat (“dusk”), szürkület (“twilight”), éjfél (“midnight”), hours and minutes, and the names of holidays (húsvét (“Easter”) etc.) |
-ban/-ben (“in”) | dél (“noon”), hajnal (“daybreak”), names of months (január–december) and hónap (“month”), évszak (“season”), év (“year”) and specific years, évtized (“decade”) and longer periods |
-n/-on/-en/-ön (“on”) | days of the week (hétfő–szombat) except Sunday, days of the month (elseje (“1st”), másodika (“2nd”) etc.), nap (“day”), hét (“week”), nyár (“summer”), and tél (“winter”) |
-val/-vel (“with”, assimilated: -szal/-szel) | tavasz (“spring”), ősz (“autumn, fall”) |
(sun): Some astronomical and geographical terms have both a lowercase (common noun) and a capitalized (proper noun) form. For föld (“ground, soil”)―Föld (“Earth”), hold (“moon, satellite”)―Hold (“the Moon”), and nap (“day; sun”)―Nap (“the Sun”), the lowercase forms are used in the everyday sense and the capitalized forms in the astronomical sense. In other similar pairs, the former refers to generic sense, and the latter specifies the best known referent: egyenlítő (“equator”)―Egyenlítő (“Equator”), naprendszer (“solar system, planetary system”)―Naprendszer (“Solar System”), and tejút (“galaxy”, literally “milky way”, but galaxis and galaktika are more common)―Tejút (“Milky Way”).[1][2][3][4]
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | nap | napok |
accusative | napot | napokat |
dative | napnak | napoknak |
instrumental | nappal | napokkal |
causal-final | napért | napokért |
translative | nappá | napokká |
terminative | napig | napokig |
essive-formal | napként | napokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | napban | napokban |
superessive | napon | napokon |
adessive | napnál | napoknál |
illative | napba | napokba |
sublative | napra | napokra |
allative | naphoz | napokhoz |
elative | napból | napokból |
delative | napról | napokról |
ablative | naptól | napoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
napé | napoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
napéi | napokéi |
Possessive forms of nap | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | napom | napjaim |
2nd person sing. | napod | napjaid |
3rd person sing. | napja | napjai |
1st person plural | napunk | napjaink |
2nd person plural | napotok | napjaitok |
3rd person plural | napjuk | napjaik |
Derived terms
Adverb
nap
- (following certain adjectives) on the specified (kind or number of) day(s)
- Synonym: napon
- minden áldott nap ― (on) every single day
- Egész nap ott voltunk. ― We were there (on) the whole day.
- Egyik nap ezt akarja, (a) másik nap meg azt. ― S/he wants one thing on some days and another (thing) on other days.
- Egy nap úgy döntött, elég volt. ― (On) some day s/he decided enough was enough.
Usage notes
Using a bare noun for an adverb is typical for times of the day like reggel (“morning”), este (“evening”) etc., but not for time units like minute, hour, week, month, or year, which all take a suffix when used as adverbs (percben, órában, héten, hónapban, évben). Even nap takes -on in most cases other than those above. However, the bare form also occurs in compound adverbs such as aznap, másnap, mindennap and vasárnap (the latter functions as a noun too), as well as tegnap and holnap.
References
- ^ nap in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- nap in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English hnæpp, from Proto-West Germanic *hnapp, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Noun
nap (plural nappes)
Descendants
References
- “nap, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-30.
Etymology 2
A back-formation from nappen.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Noun
nap
Descendants
References
- “nap, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-30.
Etymology 3
Verb
nap
- Alternative form of nappen
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan nap, from Latin nāpus.
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Noun
nap m (plural naps)
Derived terms
References
- Arve Cassignac, Dictionnaire français-occitan, occitan-français, 2015
Romanian
Alternative forms
- нап (nap) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
nap m (plural napi)
- turnip or swede (Brassica rapa)
- carrot
Declension
See also
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-2
- ISO 639-3
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/æp
- Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English lemmas
- English verbs
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms derived from Middle Dutch
- English terms derived from Middle Low German
- English onomatopoeias
- English uncountable nouns
- British English
- en:Card games
- English terms derived from North Germanic languages
- English terms derived from Old Swedish
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- en:Cooking
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English doublets
- Northern England English
- Scottish English
- en:Sleep
- Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Catalan/ap
- Rhymes:Catalan/ap/1 syllable
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- Chuukese lemmas
- Chuukese adjectives
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑp
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Hungarian terms with unknown etymologies
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒp
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒp/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian adverbs
- Hungarian conversions
- Hungarian three-letter words
- hu:Time
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English back-formations
- Middle English verbs
- enm:Containers
- enm:Sleep
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with audio links
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan nouns
- Occitan masculine nouns
- Occitan countable nouns
- oc:Plants
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Romanian/ap
- Rhymes:Romanian/ap/1 syllable
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian masculine nouns