ras
English
Etymology 1
From Amharic ራስ (ras). More at Etymology 2.
Noun
ras (plural rases)
Etymology 2
From Arabic رأس (raʔs, “head(land)”). Doublet of ras (Etymology 1) above, as well as of resh; further related to reis.
Noun
ras (plural rases)
Usage notes
Chiefly found in proper names.
See also
- ras el hanout (etymologically unrelated)
- ras malai (etymologically unrelated)
Anagrams
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Latin rāsus, perfect passive participle of rādere (“scrape, shave”). Cognate to Spanish raso.
Pronunciation
Participle
ras (feminine rasa, masculine plural rasos, feminine plural rases)
- past participle of raure
Adjective
ras (feminine rasa, masculine plural rasos, feminine plural rases)
- close-cropped, shorn
- smooth, flat, level
- level, full to the brim (of a container)
- una mesura rasa de farina ― one level measure of flour
Noun
ras m (plural rasos)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “ras” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “ras” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “ras”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
Czech
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Noun
ras m anim
- a knacker, i.e. a person whose job it is to remove animal carcasses
- Synonym: pohodný
- a strict, cruel, even ruthless person
Declension
Etymology 2
Noun
ras
References
- “ras”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
Pronunciation
Verb
ras
- imperative of rase
Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Noun
ras n (plural rassen, diminutive rasje n)
Derived terms
- hondenras
- paardenras
- rasecht
- rassenhaat
- rassenleer
- rassenscheiding
- rassensegregatie
- raszuiver
- vuilnisbakkenras
Descendants
- → Indonesian: ras
Etymology 2
From Middle Dutch rasch, from Old Dutch *rasc, from Proto-Germanic *raskuz. Cognates include English rash, German rasch.
Adjective
ras (comparative rasser, superlative meest ras or rast)
Usage notes
- This word has mostly fallen in disuse outside of the set phrase met rasse schreden.
Declension
Declension of ras | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | ras | |||
inflected | rasse | |||
comparative | rasser | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | ras | rasser | het rast het raste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | rasse | rassere | raste |
n. sing. | ras | rasser | raste | |
plural | rasse | rassere | raste | |
definite | rasse | rassere | raste | |
partitive | ras | rassers | — |
Derived terms
French
Etymology 1
From Old French rés (remodelled after raser), itself from Latin rāsus. Doublet of rez.
Pronunciation
Adjective
ras (feminine rase, masculine plural ras, feminine plural rases)
- short
- close-cropped (of hair etc.)
Derived terms
- à ras de
- au ras de
- au ras des pâquerettes
- à ras bord
- en avoir ras la casquette
- en avoir ras le bol
- en avoir ras le cul
- rase campagne
- table rase
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Amharic.
Pronunciation
Noun
ras m (plural ras)
Further reading
- “ras”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch ras, from French race, from Middle French rasse "entirety of ancestors and descendants of the same family or people", from Italian razza (13th century), of uncertain origin (more at razza).
Pronunciation
Noun
ras (plural ras-ras, first-person possessive rasku, second-person possessive rasmu, third-person possessive rasnya)
- race
- Synonym: rumpun bangsa
Further reading
- “ras” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from Amharic ራስ (ras, “head”), from Proto-Semitic *raʾš- (“head”).
Pronunciation
Noun
ras m (invariable)
- (historical) title of the second-highest grade in the hierarchy of the Ethiopian Empire; ras
- (figurative, derogatory) any small local authority who exercises power despotically
- a local boss of organized crime
- (historical) a Fascist party official
Synonyms
- (Fascist official): gerarca
Related terms
See also
- negus
- degiac (ethiopian commander of a unit equivalent to a regiment, composed of two to three thousand men)
Lithuanian
Verb
ras
Malay
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Dutch ras, from French race, from Middle French rasse "entirety of ancestors and descendants of the same family or people", from Italian razza (13th century), of uncertain origin (more at razza).
Noun
ras (Jawi spelling رس, plural ras-ras, informal 1st possessive rasku, 2nd possessive rasmu, 3rd possessive rasnya)
Related terms
Etymology 2
Noun
ras (Jawi spelling رس, informal 1st possessive rasku, 2nd possessive rasmu, 3rd possessive rasnya)
Etymology 3
From Hindi रास (rās) or Urdu راس (rās).
Noun
ras (Jawi spelling رس, plural ras-ras, informal 1st possessive rasku, 2nd possessive rasmu, 3rd possessive rasnya)
Further reading
- “ras” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Maltese
Root |
---|
r-j-s |
2 terms |
Etymology
From Arabic رَأْس (raʔs). The word is masculine in standard Arabic, but the feminine is found in some dialects, so there is no need to assume influence by Sicilian testa (though this is not ruled out).
Pronunciation
Noun
ras f (dual (obsolete) rasejn, plural rjus, diminutive rwajsa)
- (anatomy) head
- 1970, Anton Buttigieg, “Lis-Sena l-Ġdida 1964”, in Fl-Arena:
- X’sejra ġġibilna ġewwa l-fardal tiegħek.
ja Sena Ġdida?
Ah! biegħed minna
il-għelt, il-ġlied,
id-demm bejn l-aħwa;
rażżan ir-regħba u l-ġibdiet tal-ħakma,
rattab l-irjus u l-qlub,
ġibilna s-sabar ta’ xulxin, l-imħabba,
ġibilna l-għaqda,
ġibilna s-sliem,
ġibilna l-ħelsien!- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (measure word for livestock) a single animal
- beginning
- front part
- promontory, headland, cape
- chief, leader
- clove
- Synonym: sinna
- top
- intellect
- (in the plural) chapters
Derived terms
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
From Old Norse ras, compare with the verb rase.
Noun
ras n (definite singular raset, indefinite plural ras, definite plural rasa or rasene)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Verb
ras
- imperative of rase
References
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse ras, compare with rase.
Noun
ras n (definite singular raset, indefinite plural ras, definite plural rasa)
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
- “ras” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Pronunciation
Noun
ras
Romanian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Verb
ras (past participle of rade)
- past participle of rade
Adjective
ras m or n (feminine singular rasă, masculine plural rași, feminine and neuter plural rase)
Declension
Antonyms
Related terms
Russenorsk
Etymology
From Russian разъ (raz, “a time”) with a semantic change of unknown origin.
Noun
ras
- a day
- Nogli ras paa kastel ju stannom?
- How many days have you been in the jail?
Synonyms
Derived terms
- gammel ras (yesterday)
References
- Ingvild Broch, Ernst H. Jahr (1984) Russenorsk: Et pidginspråk i Norge [Russenorsk: A pidgin language in Norway], 2 edition, Oslo: Novus Forlag
Spanish
Etymology
Deverbal from rasar, from raso (“level”).
Pronunciation
Noun
ras m (plural rases)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “ras”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Norse rás (“race”), from Proto-Germanic *rēsō.
Noun
ras c
- a race (a large group of individuals of the same species set apart from others on the basis of a common heritage), a breed
- hundraser ― dog breeds
Declension
Declension of ras | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ras | rasen | raser | raserna |
Genitive | ras | rasens | rasers | rasernas |
Derived terms
- hundras
- kattras
- rasben
- rasbiologi
- rasbiologisk
- rasblandning
- rasbråk
- rasdiskriminerande
- rasdiskriminering
- rasdjur
- rasfråga
- rasfrände
- rasfördom
- rasförföljelse
- rasförtryck
- rashat
- rashatare
- rashets
- rashetsare
- rashund
- rashygien
- rashygienisk
- rashäst
- rashögfärd
- rasism
- rasist
- rasistisk
- raskamp
- raskatt
- raskravaller
- raskrig
- raslag
- raslig
- raslära
- rasmotsättning
- rasmässig
- raspolitik
- raspolitisk
- rasproblem
- rasprogram
- rasren
- rasrenhet
- rassegregation
- rasskillnad
- rastillhörighet
- rastänkande
- rasåtskillnad
- renrasig
Etymology 2
Verbal noun of rasa. Compare Danish and Norwegian ras.
Noun
ras n
- a collapse (of a building)
- a mudslide (geological disaster)
- a cave in, a collapse inward or downward
- a fall (of stock market values)
- (archaic to obsolete) romp, frolic (lively play)
- 1891, “Det var dans bort i vägen [There was a dance down the road]”, Gustaf Fröding (lyrics), Helfrid Lambert (music)[1]performed by Sven-Ingvars:
- In i snåret av björkar och alar och hassel, var det viskande snack, det var tissel och tassel, bland de skymmande skuggorna där. Det var ras, det var lek över stockar och stenar, det var kutter och smek, under lummiga grenar. Vill du ha mig, så har du mig här!
- In the thicket of birches and alders and hazel, there was whispered [whispering] chatter, there was tittling and tattling, among the obscuring shadows there. There was romp, there was play over logs and rocks, there was cooing and caressing, under leafy branches. If you want me, you have me here!
Declension
Declension of ras | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ras | raset | ras | rasen |
Genitive | ras | rasets | ras | rasens |
Related terms
References
- ras in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- ras in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- ras in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
Welsh
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Noun
ras f (plural rasys, not mutable)
- race (contest)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
ras
- Soft mutation of gras (“grace”).
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ras”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- English terms borrowed from Amharic
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- mt:Anatomy
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- cy:Sports