san
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Page categories
Translingual
Symbol
san
English
Etymology 1
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/San_uc_lc.svg/220px-San_uc_lc.svg.png)
From Ancient Greek σάν (sán), from Semitic.
Noun
san (plural sans)
- A letter of the Archaic Greek alphabet (uppercase Ϻ, lowercase ϻ) that came after pi and before qoppa.
Translations
See also
- sigma
San (letter) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 2
Shortening of sanatorium.
Pronunciation
Noun
san (plural sans)
- (dated, informal) A sanatorium.
- 1940, Enid Blyton, The Naughtiest Girl in the School:
- "Haven't you heard?" said Belinda. "Joan's ill! She'd got a high temperature, and she's in bed in the San."
- 1958, Doris Lessing, A Ripple From the Storm, HarperPerennial, published 1995, page 122:
- ‘I was in the san for ten months before the war. I know all the gen about being sick.’
- 2005, Dan Soucoup, Richard Thorne McCully, McCully's New Brunswick, page 137:
- River Glade Sanatorium, River Glade, June 25, 1931. The "San" at River Glade with the Petitcodiac River in the background.
See also
- eco-san
- san fairy ann (etymologically unrelated)
Anagrams
Afar
Etymology
From Proto-Cushitic *ʔisŋʷ-. Cognates include Hadiyya sane, Oromo funyaan, Sidamo sano, Somali san and Saho san.
Pronunciation
Noun
sán m (plural sanitté f or sanwá f)
References
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 61
Atong (India)
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
san
References
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Catalan
Pronunciation
Noun
san f (plural sans)
Classical Nahuatl
Particle
san
- Alternative spelling of zan
Cypriot Arabic
Etymology
From the diminutive of Arabic لِسَان (lisān).
Noun
san f (plural sanát)
Derived terms
References
- Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 417
Dongxiang
Etymology
From Proto-Mongolic *sam, compare Mongolian сам (sam).
Pronunciation
Noun
san
Dutch
Etymology
From Ancient Greek σάν (sán).
Noun
san c (plural san's, diminutive sannetje n)
- san (archaic Greek letter)
Further reading
san (letter) on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia nl
Finnish
Etymology
< Ancient Greek σάν (sán)
Pronunciation
Noun
san
- san (letter in Ancient Greek alphabet)
Declension
Inflection of san (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | san | sanit | |
genitive | sanin | sanien | |
partitive | sania | saneja | |
illative | saniin | saneihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | san | sanit | |
accusative | nom. | san | sanit |
gen. | sanin | ||
genitive | sanin | sanien | |
partitive | sania | saneja | |
inessive | sanissa | saneissa | |
elative | sanista | saneista | |
illative | saniin | saneihin | |
adessive | sanilla | saneilla | |
ablative | sanilta | saneilta | |
allative | sanille | saneille | |
essive | sanina | saneina | |
translative | saniksi | saneiksi | |
abessive | sanitta | saneitta | |
instructive | — | sanein | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Franco-Provençal
Etymology
Adjective
san (feminine sana, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sanes) (ORB, broad)
Derived terms
References
- sain in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
- san in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu
French
Pronunciation 1
Noun
san m (plural san)
- san (Greek letter)
Pronunciation 2
Etymology
Determiner
san n (singular, plural ses)
- (gender-neutral, neologism) his, her, their, its
- Je connais très bien san partenaire.
- I know their partner wery well.
Related terms
See also
Anagrams
Friulian
Etymology
Adjective
san
Related terms
Galician
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese san, from Latin sanctus. Cognate with Portuguese são and Spanish san.
Alternative forms
Adjective
san m (apocopate, standard form santo)
Etymology 2
From Old Galician-Portuguese são (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sānus. Cognate with Portuguese são and Spanish sano.
Alternative forms
Adjective
san (feminine sa, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sas)
- healthy, sound
- 1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:
- Ay Jesús! miña Joiña!
non falemos nesto mais,
que dá grima sò o pensalo,
Deus vos garde bo é san.
Santiago. Febreiro doce
Aÿ! que non sey que me dà,
que me esfraquezo de todo,
è non podo vafexàr.- Oh, Jesus! My Jewel!
Let's not talk about this anymore
because it brings creeps just to think about it.
God take care of you, safe and sound.
Santiago, February twelve
Oh!, I don't know what happens to me
I'm totally weakening
and I can't breathe
- Oh, Jesus! My Jewel!
Related terms
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “são”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “san”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “são”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “san”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “san”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “san”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Garifuna
Etymology
Numeral
san
Haitian Creole
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Numeral
san
Etymology 2
Noun
san
Hokkien
For pronunciation and definitions of san – see 山 (“mountain; hill; hill-shaped object; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 山). |
Irish
Etymology 1
From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”), from Proto-Celtic *in sindū/sindai (“in the m sg/f sg dative”), *in sindom/sindam (“into the m sg/f sg accusative”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sˠən̪ˠ/, /sˠənˠ/ (before a, o, u, fha, fho, fhu)
- IPA(key): /sˠənʲ/ (before e, i, fhe, fhi)
Contraction
san
Usage notes
Used before vowel sounds and f (which lenites); (otherwise, sa is used):
- san amhrán ― in the song
- san fhocal ― in the word
Often understood to be a contraction of ins an, but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while ins is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.
Related terms
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
Further reading
- Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, , →JSTOR, §67, page 17
- McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “san”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- “san”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Determiner
san
- (nonstandard) Alternative form of sin (“that”) (used after a broad consonant)
- an fear san ― that man (standard: an fear sin)
Italian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
san m or f (uncountable)
- san (Greek letter)
Etymology 2
- see santo
Noun
san m (apocopated)
See also
Japanese
Romanization
san
Karaim
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *sā-. Compare to Turkish san, Southern Altai сагыш (sagïš), etc.
Noun
san
References
- N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “san”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN
Khasi
< 4 | 5 | 6 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : san | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Khasian *san. Compare Pnar san, Lyngngam san, War-Jaintia san.
Pronunciation
Numeral
san
Verb
san
- to grow up
References
- Singh, U Nissor (1906) Khasi-English dictionary[2], Shillong: Eastern Bengal and Assam Secretariat Press, page 183. Searchable online at SEAlang.net.
Kuna
Noun
san
Lombard
Etymology
Akin to Italian sano, from Latin sanus.
Adjective
san
Mandarin
Romanization
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠮿
san
- Nonstandard spelling of sān.
- Nonstandard spelling of sǎn.
- Nonstandard spelling of sàn.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle English
Etymology 1
A contracted form of earlier sægen, from Old English sæċġan, alternative form of seċġan.
Verb
sãn
- Alternative form of seien
Etymology 2
From Old French san, alternative form of senz.
Preposition
san
- Alternative form of saunz
Norman
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin sum, from Classical Latin suum.
Pronunciation
Determiner
san m
North Frisian
Etymology 1
From Old Frisian sunne. Cognates include West Frisian sinne.
Noun
san m
- (Mooring and Föhr-Amrum) sun
- A san gungt up. ― The sun rises.
- A san gungt oner. ― The sun sets.
Etymology 2
From Old Frisian sīn.
Pronoun
san m (feminine sin, neuter sin, plural sin)
Old Czech
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sanь.
Pronunciation
Noun
san f or m animal
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | san | sani | sani |
genitive | sani | saňú | saní |
dative | sani | sanma | sanem |
accusative | san | sani | sani |
vocative | sani | sani | sani |
locative | sani | saňú | sanech |
instrumental | saňú | sanma | sanmi |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | san | sani | sanie |
genitive | sani | saňú | saní |
dative | sani | sanma | sanem |
accusative | san, sani | sani | sani |
vocative | sani | sani | sanie |
locative | sani | saňú | sanech |
instrumental | sanem | sanma | sanmi |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | san | sany | sani, sanové |
genitive | sana, sanu | sanú | sanóv |
dative | sanu, sanovi | sanoma | sanóm |
accusative | san, sana | sany | sany |
vocative | sane | sany | sani, sanové |
locative | saně, sanu, sanovi | sanú | saniech |
instrumental | sanem | sanoma | sany |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Related terms
Descendants
- Czech: saň
Further reading
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “san”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old French
Noun
san oblique singular, m (oblique plural sans, nominative singular sans, nominative plural san)
- Alternative form of sens
Pali
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit श्वन् (śvan).
Noun
san m
Declension
Only consensus forms are shown.
Descendants
- → Thai: สา (sǎa)
References
- Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “san”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Pnar
< 4 | 5 | 6 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : san Ordinal : wa san | ||
Etymology
From Proto-Khasian *san, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *suun ~ *suən ~ *sən; cognate with Khasi san, Mang han², Mon မသုန် (pəsɔn) and Proto-Palaungic *pəsan (whence Riang [Lang] kʰan¹ and Danau θʊn⁴).
Pronunciation
Numeral
san
Rohingya
Alternative forms
- 𐴏𐴝𐴕 (san) — Hanifi Rohingya script
Etymology
From Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra); cognate with Bengali চাঁদ (cãd).
Noun
san (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴕)
Romani
Verb
san
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Middle Irish (i)sind, (i)sin, from Old Irish isin(d/t) (“in the m or f or n sg dative”), isin (“into the m or f sg accusative”), isa (“into the n sg accusative”).
Preposition
san
- in the
- san anmoch ― in the evening
- san fhad-ùine ― in the long run
- san t-seanchas ― in conversation
- san achadh bhuan ― in the harvest field
Usage notes
- This form is not used before nouns beginning with b, c, g, m or p, where sa is used instead.
- If followed by f, the f is lenited:
- facal - word,
- san fhacal - in the word.
- Often understood to be a contraction of anns an, but the forms san, sa were in common use by the 12th century and accepted in Classical Gaelic poetry while anns is a later innovation with the -n- reintroduced by analogy.
Related terms
References
- Osborn Bergin (1916) “Irish Grammatical Tracts (Introductory)”, in Ériu, volume 8, Supplement, Royal Irish Academy, , →JSTOR, §67, page 17
- McKenna, Lambert, editor (1944), Bardic Syntactical Tracts, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 113: “Before pl. art. i n- gives is na, ’sna; in such cases a h- gives as na. (…) Before sg. art. i n- is isin, san (often sa before consonants).”
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “i”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *súpnas, from Proto-Indo-European *supnós.
Pronunciation
Noun
sȁn m (Cyrillic spelling са̏н)
- sleep
- dream
- Šta si videla u tom snu? ― What did you see in that dream?
- 1993, Bajaga i Instruktori (lyrics and music), “Ovo je Balkan”, in Bajaga i Instruktori (lyrics), Muzika na struju[3], performed by Bajaga i Instruktori, Produkcija Stig:
- Ovo je ovde Balkan,
Zemlja iz sna,
Između moćnih sila
Dobra i zla.- This here is the Balkans
A land from dreams
Between powerful forces
Good and evil.
- This here is the Balkans
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | sȁn | snȏvi / snȉ |
genitive | snȁ | snȏvā |
dative | snȕ | snȏvima / snȉma |
accusative | sȁn | snȏve / snȅ |
vocative | snȅ | snȏvi / snȉ |
locative | snȕ | snȏvima / snȉma |
instrumental | snȍm | snȏvima / snȉma |
Derived terms
References
- “san” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Somali
Etymology
From Proto-Cushitic *ʔisŋʷ-. Cognates include Afar san, Hadiyya sane, Oromo funyaan, Saho san and Sidamo sano.
Noun
san ?
References
- san Afmaal Somali-English Dictionary.
Spanish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
- San (in proper nouns, capitalized)
Noun
san m (plural sanes)
- (Dominican Republic) financial, temporal-savings scheme; the participants periodically contribute a quota to a communal pot that is given to one member, based on his/her turn amongst all the others
Adjective
san m (apocopate, standard form santo)
Usage notes
- Not used in front names beginning with To- or Do- syllables like Tomás, Tomé, Toribio, and Domingo. Santo is used instead.
Etymology 2
Noun
san f (plural sanes)
Further reading
- “san”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈsan/ [ˈsan̪]
- Rhymes: -an
- Syllabification: san
Pronoun
san (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔)
- Informal form of saan.
Tatar
Noun
san
Ter Sami
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian са́ни (sáni).
Noun
san
Further reading
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[4], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Tok Pisin
Etymology
Noun
san
Derived terms
Torres Strait Creole
Etymology
Noun
san
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish صان (san), a derivation from Proto-Turkic *sā- (“to count”). Related to say- (“to count”) and san- (“to consider”).
Noun
san (definite accusative sanı, plural sanlar)
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | san | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | sanı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | san | sanlar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | sanı | sanları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | sana | sanlara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | sanda | sanlarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | sandan | sanlardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | sanın | sanların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “san”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
Venetian
Etymology
Adjective
san
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [saːn˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʂaːŋ˧˧] ~ [saːŋ˧˧]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʂaːŋ˧˧] ~ [saːŋ˧˧]
Verb
san
Derived terms
Yoruba
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Verb
san
- to pay
- Ó ti san owó orí ìyàwó. ― He has paid the bride price.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Verb
sàn
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Verb
sán
Etymology 4
Compare Nupe sán (“to split; to ache (head)”).
Pronunciation
Verb
sán
- to crack; to split
- Òkúta ti sán. ― The rock has split.
- (with orí (“head”)) to ache
- Synonym: fọ́
- Orí ń sán mi. ― My head is aching me.
Zhuang
Etymology
From Proto-Tai *saːn. Cognate with Thai สาน (sǎan), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lao ສານ (sān), Lü ᦉᦱᧃ (ṡaan), Khün ᩈᩣ᩠ᨶ, Shan သၢၼ် (sǎan), Ahom 𑜏𑜃𑜫 (san).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /θaːn˨˦/
- Tone numbers: san1
- Hyphenation: san
Verb
san (1957–1982 spelling san)
- to weave
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