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  2. World Encyclopedia
  3. -den language - Wikipedia
-den language - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
-den
Native toPeru
RegionDepartment of Cajamarca
EthnicityGuzmango
Extinct(date missing)
unclassified (Hibito–Cholon?)
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
GlottologNone
  -den

A virtually unknown and extinct Indigenous language of Peru, formerly spoken in Cajamarca Department, is referred to as -den from its characteristic toponym (also as -don, -ten, -ton, -din, -tin). It is known from only three words and is associated with the kingdom of Cuismancu (Guzmango), centred in the province of Contumazá.[1] It may have been related to the Hibito–Cholon languages,[2] and may even be identical to other such languages of the region known solely from their distinctive toponyms such as Chachapoya.[3]

Vocabulary

Three words found in a document commissioned by a member of the Cuismancu royal family are attributed to the -den language by Alfredo Torero.[4] These words are ñus 'lady', losque 'young girl', and mizo 'female servant'.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Adelaar, Willem F. H.; Muysken, Pieter (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge (G.B.): Cambridge University press. p. 405. ISBN 978-0-521-36275-7.
  2. ^ Urban, Matthias (2021). "Cholón and the linguistic prehistory of Northern Peru: triangulating toponymy, substrate lexis, and areal typology". Linguistic Discovery. 17 (1). doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.513. ISSN 1537-0852.
  3. ^ Urban, Matthias (2024-12-31), "Small and extinct languages of Northern Peru", in Urban, Matthias (ed.), The Oxford Guide to the Languages of the Central Andes (1 ed.), Oxford University PressOxford, pp. 419–437, doi:10.1093/oso/9780198849926.003.0014, ISBN 978-0-19-884992-6, retrieved 2026-02-02
  4. ^ Ramón, Gabriel; Andrade Ciudad, Luis (2021). "LA “LENGUA GUZMANGO” EN CAJAMARCA COLONIAL: CONTEXTO Y PERSPECTIVAS". Chungará (Arica) (ahead): 0–0. doi:10.4067/S0717-73562021005002101. ISSN 0717-7356.
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