MPEG program stream

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MPEG program stream - Wikipedia

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MPEG Program Stream
Filename extension	.mpg, .mpeg, .m2p, .ps
Internet media type	video/MP2P,^[1] video/MP1S,^[1] video/mpeg^[2]^[3]
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)	public.mpeg^[2]^[3]
Developed by	MPEG
Initial release	August 1993; 31 years ago (1993-08)^[4]
Latest release	ISO/IEC 13818-1:2019 June 2019; 5 years ago (2019-06)
Type of format	Container format
Container for	Audio, video, data
Extended to	VOB, EVO, MOD
Standard	ISO/IEC 11172-1,^[4] ISO/IEC 13818-1,^[5] ITU-T H.222.0^[6]^[7]
Open format?	Yes
Free format?	Yes^[8]

Program stream (PS or MPEG-PS) is a container format for multiplexing digital audio, video and more. The PS format is specified in MPEG-1 Part 1 (ISO/IEC 11172-1) and MPEG-2 Part 1, Systems (ISO/IEC standard 13818-1^[9]/ITU-T H.222.0^[6]^[7]). The MPEG-2 Program Stream is analogous and similar to ISO/IEC 11172 Systems layer and it is forward compatible.^[10]^[11]

Program streams are used on DVD-Video discs and HD DVD video discs, but with some restrictions and extensions.^[12]^[13] The filename extensions are VOB and EVO respectively.

Coding structure

Program streams are created by combining one or more Packetized Elementary Streams (PES), which have a common time base, into a single stream. It is designed for reasonably reliable media such as disks, in contrast to MPEG transport stream which is for data transmission in which loss of data is likely. Program streams have variable size records and minimal use of start codes which would make over the air reception difficult, but has less overhead. Program stream coding layer allows only one program of one or more elementary streams to be packaged into a single stream, in contrast to transport stream, which allows multiple programs.^[10]

MPEG-2 Program stream can contain MPEG-1 Part 2 video, MPEG-2 Part 2 video, MPEG-1 Part 3 audio (MP3, MP2, MP1) or MPEG-2 Part 3 audio.^[10] It can also contain MPEG-4 Part 2 video, MPEG-2 Part 7 audio (AAC) or MPEG-4 Part 3 (AAC) audio,^[10] but they are rarely used.^{[citation needed]} The MPEG-2 Program stream has provisions for non-standard data (e.g. AC-3 audio or subtitles) in the form of so-called private streams.^[14] International Organization for Standardization authorized SMPTE Registration Authority, LLC as the registration authority for MPEG-2 format identifiers. It publishes a list of compression formats which can be encapsulated in MPEG-2 transport stream and program stream.^[15]

Coding details

Partial MPEG-2 Program Stream pack header format^[16]
Name	Number of bits	Description
sync bytes	32	0x000001BA
marker bits	2	01b for MPEG-2 version. The marker bits for the MPEG-1 version are 4 bits with value 0010b.
System clock [32..30]	3	System Clock Reference (SCR) bits 32 to 30
marker bit	1	1 Bit always set.
System clock [29..15]	15	System clock bits 29 to 15
marker bit	1	1 Bit always set.
System clock [14..0]	15	System clock bits 14 to 0
marker bit	1	1 Bit always set.
SCR extension	9
marker bit	1	1 Bit always set.
bit rate	22	In units of 50 bytes per second.
marker bits	2	11 Bits always set.
reserved	5	reserved for future use
stuffing length	3
stuffing bytes	8*stuffing length
system header (optional)	0 or more	if system header start code follows: 0x000001BB

Partial system header format
Name	Number of bytes	Description
sync bytes	4	0x000001BB
header length	2
rate bound and marker bits	3
audio bound and flags	1
flags, marker bit, and video bound	1
Packet rate restriction and reserved byte	1

References

^ ^a ^b "RFC 3555 - MIME Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats". July 2003. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
^ ^a ^b "Details for: MPEG-2 Program Stream". PRONOM: The technical registry. The National Archives (United Kingdom).
^ ^a ^b "Details for: MPEG-1 Program Stream". PRONOM: The technical registry. The National Archives (United Kingdom).
^ ^a ^b ISO (1993). "ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993 - Information technology -- Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s -- Part 1: Systems". Retrieved 2010-07-18.
^ ISO (1996). "ISO/IEC 13818-1:1996 - Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems". Retrieved 2010-07-18.
^ ^a ^b ITU-T (May 2006). "H.222.0 Summary". Archived from the original on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
^ ^a ^b ITU-T. "H.222.0 : Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems". Retrieved 2010-06-03.
^ MPEG-2 Encoding Family (Full draft). Sustainability of Digital Formats. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2021. Licenses pertain to tools and not to streams or files per se.
^ ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000 - Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems (PDF), neuron2.net, 2000-12-01, archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-11
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ISO (2000-12-01) ISO/IEC 13818-1 : 2000, Second edition Page X, Retrieved on 2009-07-25
^ Data Broadcasting, MPEG-2 Transport Basics, MPEG-2 Program Stream, Retrieved on 2009-07-25
^ DVD - MPeg differences, Retrieved on 2009-07-24
^ MPEG.org (July 21, 1996) DVD Technical Notes - Video Data Specifications, Retrieved on 2009-07-25
^ What is a VOB file, Retrieved on 2009-07-26
^ "MPEG Transport Stream Identifiers". SMPTE Registration Authority, LLC. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
^ "Pack Header". dvd.sourceforge.net.

External links

MPEG-2
Official MPEG web site
BBC On MPEG
RFC 3555 - MIME Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats (video/MP2P, video/MP1S)

Multimedia compression and container formats

Video
compression

ISO, IEC, MPEG	DV MJPEG Motion JPEG 2000 MPEG-1 MPEG-2 Part 2 MPEG-4 Part 2 / ASP Part 10 / AVC Part 33 / IVC MPEG-H Part 2 / HEVC MPEG-I Part 3 / VVC MPEG-5 Part 1 / EVC Part 2 / LCEVC
ITU-T, VCEG	H.120 H.261 H.262 H.263 H.264 / AVC H.265 / HEVC H.266 / VVC
SMPTE	VC-1 VC-2 VC-3 VC-5 VC-6
TrueMotion and AOMedia	TrueMotion S VP3 VP6 VP7 VP8 VP9 AV1
Chinese Standard	AVS1 P2/AVS+(GB/T 20090.2/16) AVS2 P2(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1) HDR Vivid(GY/T 358) AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)
Others	Apple Video AVS Bink Cinepak Daala DVI FFV1 Huffyuv Indeo Lagarith Microsoft Video 1 MSU Lossless OMS Video Pixlet ProRes 422 4444 QuickTime Animation Graphics RealVideo RTVideo SheerVideo Smacker Sorenson Video/Spark Theora Thor Ut WMV XEB YULS

Audio
compression

ISO, IEC, MPEG	MPEG-1 Layer II Multichannel MPEG-1 Layer I MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) AAC HE-AAC AAC-LD MPEG Surround MPEG-4 ALS MPEG-4 SLS MPEG-4 DST MPEG-4 HVXC MPEG-4 CELP MPEG-D USAC MPEG-H 3D Audio
ITU-T	G.711 A-law µ-law G.718 G.719 G.722 G.722.1 G.722.2 G.723 G.723.1 G.726 G.728 G.729 G.729.1
IETF	Opus iLBC Speex Vorbis FLAC
3GPP	AMR AMR-WB AMR-WB+ EVRC EVRC-B EVS GSM-HR GSM-FR GSM-EFR
ETSI	AC-3 AC-4 DTS
Bluetooth SIG	SBC LC3
Chinese Standard	AVS1 P10(GB/T 20090.10) AVS2 P3(GB/T 33475.3) Audio Vivid(GY/T 363) DRA(GB/T 22726) L2HC ExAC(SJ/T 11299.4)
Others	ACELP ALAC Asao ATRAC CELT Codec 2 iSAC Lyra MELP Monkey's Audio MT9 Musepack OptimFROG OSQ QCELP RCELP RealAudio RTAudio SD2 SHN SILK Siren SMV SVOPC TTA True Audio TwinVQ VMR-WB VSELP WavPack WMA MQA aptX aptX HD aptX Low Latency aptX Adaptive LDAC LHDC LLAC

Image
compression

IEC, ISO, IETF, W3C, ITU-T, JPEG	CCITT Group 4 GIF HEIC / HEIF HEVC JBIG JBIG2 JPEG JPEG 2000 JPEG-LS JPEG XL JPEG XR JPEG XS JPEG XT PNG TIFF TIFF/EP TIFF/IT
Others	APNG AV1 AVIF BPG DjVu EXR FLIF ICER MNG PGF QOI QTVR WBMP WebP

Containers

ISO, IEC	MPEG-ES MPEG-PES MPEG-PS MPEG-TS ISO/IEC base media file format MPEG-4 Part 14 (MP4) Motion JPEG 2000 MPEG-21 Part 9 MPEG media transport
ITU-T	H.222.0 T.802
IETF	RTP Ogg Matroska
SMPTE	GXF MXF
Others	3GP and 3G2 AMV ASF AIFF AVI AU BPG Bink Smacker BMP DivX Media Format EVO Flash Video HEIF IFF M2TS Matroska WebM QuickTime File Format RatDVD RealMedia RIFF WAV MOD and TOD VOB, IFO and BUP

Collaborations

Methods

Entropy
LPC
- ACELP
- CELP
- LSP
- WLPC
Lossless
Lossy
LZ
- DEFLATE
- LZW
PCM
- A-law
- µ-law
- ADPCM
- DPCM
Transforms
- DCT
- FFT
- MDCT
- Wavelet
  - Daubechies
  - DWT

Lists

See Compression methods for techniques and Compression software for codecs

v t e MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)
MPEG-1 2 3 4 7 21 A B C D E G V M U H I 5
MPEG-1 Parts	Part 1: Systems Program stream Part 2: Video based on H.261 Part 3: Audio Layer I Layer II Layer III
MPEG-2 Parts	Part 1: Systems (H.222.0) Transport stream Program stream Part 2: Video (H.262) Part 3: Audio Layer I Layer II Layer III MPEG Multichannel Part 6: DSM CC Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding
MPEG-4 Parts	Part 2: Video based on H.263 Part 3: Audio Part 6: DMIF Part 10: Advanced Video Coding (H.264) Part 11: Scene description Part 12: ISO base media file format Part 14: MP4 file format Part 17: Streaming text format Part 20: LASeR Part 22: Open Font Format Part 33: Internet Video Coding
MPEG-7 Parts	Part 2: Description definition language
MPEG-21 Parts	Parts 2, 3 and 9: Digital Item Part 5: Rights Expression Language
MPEG-D Parts	Part 1: MPEG Surround Part 3: Unified Speech and Audio Coding
MPEG-G Parts	Part 1: Transport and Storage of Genomic Information Part 2: Coding of Genomic Information Part 3: APIs Part 4: Reference Software Part 5: Conformance
MPEG-H Parts	Part 1: MPEG media transport Part 2: High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265) Part 3: MPEG-H 3D Audio Part 12: High Efficiency Image File Format
MPEG-I Parts	Part 3: Versatile Video Coding (H.266)
MPEG-5 Parts	Part 1: Essential Video Coding Part 2: Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding
Other	MPEG-DASH

Categories:

Hidden categories:

Coding structure

Coding details

See also

References

External links